Lead and zinc — the most encountered heavy-metal poisonings in birds
Verbatim first-hand facts from Avian toxicoses: a review (peer-reviewed, open access, PMC12375962). All bullets are exact substrings of the cited source and C1-substring verified. Companion (pet) birds are the focus; the source is a peer-reviewed review of avian toxicoses.
Toxicology facts
- Indeed, several cases have been reported in the literature concerning both heavy metal intoxication and toxic plant ingestion ( 1 – 3 ).
- Heavy metals [lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and arsenic (As)] Heavy metal poisoning is a significant environmental concern affecting avian species worldwide.
- Several heavy metals can pose a threat to avian health.