Pet bird caging — social by nature; solitary small cages harm welfare
The text below is reproduced verbatim from the first-hand source (Merck Veterinary Manual).
> Pet birds are intelligent and social animals adapted for flight. Keeping solitary pet birds in small indoor cages, with limited opportunity for exercise, has both physical and psychological consequences. > Keeping solitary pet birds in small indoor cages, with limited opportunity for exercise, has both physical and psychological consequences.
Source: pdf-raw/exotic-toxicology/pet-bird.txt (first-hand professional veterinary reference, tag-stripped).
Claims (verified C1 substrings of source_file)
Pet birds are intelligent and social animals adapted for flight. Keeping solitary pet birds in small indoor cages, with limited opportunity for exercise, has both physical and psychological consequences.Keeping solitary pet birds in small indoor cages, with limited opportunity for exercise, has both physical and psychological consequences.