{"topic_id":"exotic_husbandry_pet_bird_caging","category":"exotic-pet-husbandry","context":"---\ntopic_id: exotic_husbandry_pet_bird_caging\ncategory: exotic-pet-husbandry\ntitle: \"Pet bird caging — social by nature; solitary small cages harm welfare\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"Merck Veterinary Manual — Pet bird husbandry/environment\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/exotic-toxicology/pet-bird.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-07-29\ntokens_estimated: 48\nverified: true\nverification: c1_substring\nsource_document: \"Merck Veterinary Manual (professional veterinary reference)\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"Merck Veterinary Manual\"\n  title: \"Pet bird caging — social by nature; solitary small cages harm welfare\"\n  url: \"https://www.merckvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/pet-birds\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-07-29\"\n  ref: \"\"\n  doc_type: \"professional veterinary reference\"\n  needs_review: false\n---\n\n# Pet bird caging — social by nature; solitary small cages harm welfare\n\nThe text below is reproduced verbatim from the first-hand source (Merck Veterinary Manual).\n\n> Pet birds are intelligent and social animals adapted for flight. Keeping solitary pet birds in small indoor cages, with limited opportunity for exercise, has both physical and psychological consequences.\n> Keeping solitary pet birds in small indoor cages, with limited opportunity for exercise, has both physical and psychological consequences.\n\nSource: `pdf-raw/exotic-toxicology/pet-bird.txt` (first-hand professional veterinary reference, tag-stripped).\n\n## Claims (verified C1 substrings of source_file)\n- `Pet birds are intelligent and social animals adapted for flight. Keeping solitary pet birds in small indoor cages, with limited opportunity for exercise, has both physical and psychological consequences.`\n- `Keeping solitary pet birds in small indoor cages, with limited opportunity for exercise, has both physical and psychological consequences.`\n","sources":["exotic-pet-husbandry — Pet bird caging — social by nature; solitary small cages harm welfare (retrieved 2026-07-29)"],"source":{"authority":"exotic-pet-husbandry","title":"Pet bird caging — social by nature; solitary small cages harm welfare","url":"https://www.merckvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/pet-birds","retrieved":"2026-07-29","ref":"","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"Merck Veterinary Manual (professional veterinary reference)","verification_file":"pdf-raw/exotic-toxicology/pet-bird.txt"},"source_document":"Merck Veterinary Manual (professional veterinary reference)","source_file":"pdf-raw/exotic-toxicology/pet-bird.txt","tokens_estimated":48,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}