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Aquarium fish gill disease — parasites, bacteria, and environmental causes

exotic_fish_gill_disease

exotic-pet-health en 2026-07-28

Aquarium fish gill disease — parasites, bacteria, and environmental causes

Verbatim first-hand facts from Merck Veterinary Manual (professional veterinary reference). All bullets are exact substrings of the cited source and C1-substring verified.

Gill disease

  • Divalent ions are excreted principally via the kidney, and monovalent ions and nitrogenous excretions via the gills.
  • Accordingly, lesions of the kidney and gills may seriously interfere with respiration, excretion, and fluid balance.
  • A gill biopsy can also be performed, but the fish should be returned to water for a brief period (30 seconds to one minute) before performing another procedure.

Sources

Aquarium fish gill disease — parasites, bacteria, and environmental causes
Source document: Merck Veterinary Manual (professional veterinary reference)
Merck Veterinary Manualretrieved 2026-07-28

Verification file: pdf-raw/exotic-health/mvm_fish_management.txt