Evidence: canine urate & cystine uroliths: pathophysiology & management (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)
Source: Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search — first-hand peer-reviewed abstract records, pulled 2026-07-24. Query: (canine urate urolith OR urate stone OR cystine urolith OR "urate urolithiasis") AND dog. The cluster returns 6 first-hand abstracts extracted below (verbatim sentences, each traceable by PMID).
Verified claims (verbatim, substring of saved source)
- PMID 41126236 — BACKGROUND: Urate is the third most common component of canine uroliths.
- PMID 41001835 — Background Identifying urolith mineral composition (UMC) is crucial for treatment and prevention; however, current data rely on macroscopic or ex vivo studies.
- PMID 41897919 — Canine urolithiasis is a common and highly recurrent urinary tract disease, with struvite and calcium oxalate being the predominant stone types.
- PMID 41961373 — Introduction Calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis is associated with metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia.
- PMID 40293168 — Background Calcium tartrate tetrahydrate (CTT) uroliths are recently identified in dogs.
- PMID 40104003 — Urolithiasis is the third most prevalent disease of the urinary tract of dogs and cats, and is characterized by presence of crystals and / or formation of stones.
Studies (PMID / year / journal / title)
- PMID 41126236 (2025, BMC veterinary research) — Comparison of the total and individual purine content of commercial maintenance dog foods and therapeutic dog foods that may be prescribed to prevent urate urolithiasis.
- PMID 41001835 (2025, Journal of veterinary internal medicine) — In Vivo Radiographic Characteristics Associated With the Mineral Composition of Calcium Oxalate, Struvite, and Cystine Lower Urinary Tract Uroliths in Dogs.
- PMID 41897919 (2026, Animals : an open access journal from MDPI) — Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote Urolithiasis Formation in Dogs: A Preliminary Study.
- PMID 41961373 (2026, Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society) — Serum and urine metabolomic profiling in Miniature Schnauzer dogs with and without calcium oxalate urolithiasis.
- PMID 40293168 (2025, Journal of veterinary internal medicine) — Association of Diet and Calcium Tartrate Tetrahydrate Uroliths in Dogs.
- PMID 40104003 (2025, Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine) — Retrospective study of 353 confirmed cases of urolithiasis in dogs and cats treated at veterinary clinics in the northern region of Pará, Brazil.
Source text: pdf-raw/evidence/pubmed_evidence_canine_urolithiasis_urate_cystine_2026-07-24.txt (Europe PMC first-hand abstracts, pulled 2026-07-24).