{"topic_id":"evidence_canine_urolithiasis_urate_cystine","category":"evidence","context":"---\ntopic_id: evidence_canine_urolithiasis_urate_cystine\ncategory: evidence\ntitle: \"Evidence cluster — canine urate & cystine uroliths: pathophysiology & management (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search, first-hand peer-reviewed abstracts, pulled 2026-07-24\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/evidence/pubmed_evidence_canine_urolithiasis_urate_cystine_2026-07-24.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-07-24\ntokens_estimated: 420\nverified: true\nverification:\n  method: substring_match\n  claims: 6\n  passed: 6\n  date: 2026-07-24\nsource_document: \"Veterinary / medical evidence (guideline or study) — PMID 41126236\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"Europe PMC\"\n  title: \"Evidence cluster — canine urate & cystine uroliths: pathophysiology & management (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)\"\n  url: \"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41126236/\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-07-24\"\n  ref: \"PMID 41126236\"\n  doc_type: \"official PDF\"\n  needs_review: false\nlicense: cc_by\nauthority_tier: T2\nauthority_tier_basis: \"T2:oa-repo\"\nauthority_tier_date: 2026-08-04\n---\n\n# Evidence: canine urate & cystine uroliths: pathophysiology & management (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)\n\nSource: Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search — first-hand peer-reviewed abstract records, pulled 2026-07-24. Query: `(canine urate urolith OR urate stone OR cystine urolith OR \"urate urolithiasis\") AND dog`. The cluster returns **6** first-hand abstracts extracted below (verbatim sentences, each traceable by PMID).\n\n## Verified claims (verbatim, substring of saved source)\n- **PMID 41126236** — BACKGROUND: Urate is the third most common component of canine uroliths.\n- **PMID 41001835** — Background Identifying urolith mineral composition (UMC) is crucial for treatment and prevention; however, current data rely on macroscopic or ex vivo studies.\n- **PMID 41897919** — Canine urolithiasis is a common and highly recurrent urinary tract disease, with struvite and calcium oxalate being the predominant stone types.\n- **PMID 41961373** — Introduction Calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis is associated with metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia.\n- **PMID 40293168** — Background Calcium tartrate tetrahydrate (CTT) uroliths are recently identified in dogs.\n- **PMID 40104003** — Urolithiasis is the third most prevalent disease of the urinary tract of dogs and cats, and is characterized by presence of crystals and / or formation of stones.\n\n## Studies (PMID / year / journal / title)\n- **PMID 41126236 (2025, BMC veterinary research)** — Comparison of the total and individual purine content of commercial maintenance dog foods and therapeutic dog foods that may be prescribed to prevent urate urolithiasis.\n- **PMID 41001835 (2025, Journal of veterinary internal medicine)** — In Vivo Radiographic Characteristics Associated With the Mineral Composition of Calcium Oxalate, Struvite, and Cystine Lower Urinary Tract Uroliths in Dogs.\n- **PMID 41897919 (2026, Animals : an open access journal from MDPI)** — Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote Urolithiasis Formation in Dogs: A Preliminary Study.\n- **PMID 41961373 (2026, Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society)** — Serum and urine metabolomic profiling in Miniature Schnauzer dogs with and without calcium oxalate urolithiasis.\n- **PMID 40293168 (2025, Journal of veterinary internal medicine)** — Association of Diet and Calcium Tartrate Tetrahydrate Uroliths in Dogs.\n- **PMID 40104003 (2025, Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine)** — Retrospective study of 353 confirmed cases of urolithiasis in dogs and cats treated at veterinary clinics in the northern region of Pará, Brazil.\n\nSource text: `pdf-raw/evidence/pubmed_evidence_canine_urolithiasis_urate_cystine_2026-07-24.txt` (Europe PMC first-hand abstracts, pulled 2026-07-24).\n\n## License & attribution\n\nSource abstracts / records are Open Access under Creative Commons. Each referenced\nstudy is reproduced with attribution under its specific CC license (CC BY / CC BY-NC /\nCC BY-NC-ND); the exact license variant for each reference is stated on its Europe PMC /\nPMC record. Original records:\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40104003/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40293168/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41001835/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41126236/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41897919/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41961373/\n","sources":["Europe PMC — Evidence cluster — canine urate & cystine uroliths: pathophysiology & management (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC) (retrieved 2026-07-24)"],"source":{"authority":"Europe PMC","title":"Evidence cluster — canine urate & cystine uroliths: pathophysiology & management (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41126236/","retrieved":"2026-07-24","ref":"PMID 41126236","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"Veterinary / medical evidence (guideline or study) — PMID 41126236","verification_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/pubmed_evidence_canine_urolithiasis_urate_cystine_2026-07-24.txt"},"source_document":"Veterinary / medical evidence (guideline or study) — PMID 41126236","source_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/pubmed_evidence_canine_urolithiasis_urate_cystine_2026-07-24.txt","trust":{"authority_tier":"T2","fidelity":"verbatim","license":"cc_by","display_grade":"A"},"tokens_estimated":712,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}