EFSA — bromide in food and feed
Source: EFSA scientific opinion, EFSA Journal 2025;23:9121 (DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9121), retrieved 2026-08-06 via Europe PMC OA full-text XML. Paraphrase of an EFSA opinion that the source XML tags CC-BY-ND; per project COPYRIGHT_POLICY only facts/numbers/proper-nouns are quoted verbatim, sentences rewritten.
Editorial context (read this before using the data point)
This is the EFSA jurisdiction on bromide in food and feed (a contaminant from environmental sources, biocides, and veterinary medicines). Relevant to pet foods via feed materials. Read with the efsa contaminant endpoints.
Key findings (paraphrase; numbers and proper nouns verbatim from source)
- The Panel established a TDI of 0.4 mg Br-/kg bw, derived by applying an uncertainty factor of 100 to the reference point of 40 mg Br-/kg bw per day.
- BMDL20 values ranged from 13 to 58 mg Br-/kg bw per day; the reference point was identified at 40 mg Br-/kg bw per day.
- A NOAEL of 4 mg/kg bw per day from experimental human studies, with 10-fold interindividual variability, supported the TDI.
- Altered thyroid hormone concentrations (reduced T4) is an early critical effect of bromide.
Pet-food relevance
Bromide can enter pet foods via contaminated feed materials; the TDI and the thyroid-hormone critical effect are the decision-relevant points. Cross-ref the existing efsa contaminant endpoints.
Scope note / honest gap
Paraphrase of an EFSA opinion; full BMD modelling is not reproduced. Source XML licence tag was CC-BY-ND, so this topic quotes only data points verbatim and rewrites prose.