Mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A) contaminating avian feed
Verbatim first-hand facts from Avian toxicoses: a review (peer-reviewed, open access, PMC12375962). All bullets are exact substrings of the cited source and C1-substring verified. Companion (pet) birds are the focus; the source is a peer-reviewed review of avian toxicoses.
Toxicology facts
- Mycotoxins Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi such as Aspergillus, Fusarium , and Penicillium , and they commonly contaminate feed and food products ( 54 – 59 ).
- Their toxic effects vary depending on the type of mycotoxin, dose, exposure time, and the species affected ( 59 ).
- Many mycotoxins, including aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, also induce oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species, causing lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and damage to DNA and proteins.