Evidence: Miniature pig (Sus scrofa) clinical cases
Source: Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search — first-hand peer-reviewed abstract records, pulled 2026-08-01. Queries covered clinical case reports and case series for Sus scrofa. The cluster returns 12 representative clinical cases with abstracts below. Abstract text is verbatim from source; each case is traceable by PMID.
Studies
- PMID 41555629 (2026, Veterinary surgery : VS) — Single-incision laparoscopy for pig ovariectomy and ovariohysterectomy: Safe and feasible in select patients.. Abstract (opening): <h4>Objective</h4>The objective of the study was to describe a single incision laparoscopic approach to ovariectomy (OVE) and ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in companion pigs. Additionally, we aimed to compare complications and outcomes between production breed and miniature pigs.<h4>Study design</h4>Descriptive clinical case series.<h4>Animals</h4>Twenty intact female, client-owned companion pigs.<h4>Methods</h4>Records from a university teaching hospital were reviewed for pigs undergoing elective OVE or OVH by single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) over 1 year (2023-2024). Patient signalment, presenting complaint, surgical and anesthetic techniques as well as complications were recorded. Patient follow-up was obtained by owner phone communication at least 1 year postoperatively. Complications and outcomes were compared between production breed and miniature pig populations with Mann-Whitney and χ<sup>2</sup> testing for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.<h4>Results</h4>Production breed (9/20, 45%) and miniature pigs (11/20, 55%) underwent SILS OVE (16/20, 80%) or OVH (4/20, 20%). SILS OVE was successfully performed in all cases. SILS OVH was achieved in one case (25%) in which the uterus was near-normal; additional OVH procedures (3/4, 75%) performed on miniature pigs with an abnormal uterus were converted to open because of challenges with tissue manipulation. No difference in complications or outcomes was noted between production breed and miniature pigs.<h4>Conclusion</h4>SILS OVE appears to be a feasible and safe surgical option for both production breed and miniature pigs, with no significant differences observed between groups, while SILS OVH is feasible in select cases.<h4>Clinical significance</h4>Single incision laparoscopic OVE is a safe and viable alternative to traditional three port laparoscopy for production breed and miniature companion pigs. SILS is an adequate technique for OVH in select patients, suggesting that further investigation of laparoscopy for porcine OVH is warranted.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41555629/
- PMID 42079419 (2026, Therapeutic advances in urology) — Therapeutic advances in ureteral stricture: lessons from radiation-induced fibrosis to regenerative strategies-a narrative review.. Abstract (opening): Radiation-induced ureteral stricture (RIUS) is a rare but refractory late complication of pelvic radiotherapy, driven by severe fibrosis and microvascular injury that undermines the effectiveness of conventional interventions such as balloon dilation, ureteral stenting, and reconstructive surgery. This review summarizes the pathophysiological basis of treatment resistance in RIUS and critically appraises current management strategies. Beyond its clinical relevance, RIUS is discussed as a paradigmatic model of advanced fibrotic ureteral disease, offering broader insights into the limitations of purely mechanical approaches. We further examine emerging biologically oriented strategies, including mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle-based regenerative therapies, next-generation ureteral stents incorporating advanced biomaterials, and drug-eluting stent platforms for localized antifibrotic and antimicrobial delivery. Although largely investigational, these approaches collectively signal a conceptual shift from palliative drainage toward biologically informed, restorative management of RIUS and related refractory ureteral strictures.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42079419/
- PMID 41714661 (2026, Scientific reports) — Effects of astaxanthin supplementation on human sperm quality during the freeze thaw process: a systematic review and meta analysis.. Abstract (opening): The use of antioxidants in cryopreservation media has been shown to improve post-thaw sperm quality and male fertility in several credible meta-analyses. However, to our knowledge, no review has specifically examined the impact of astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant, on sperm quality after freezing. This meta-analysis and systematic review aims to investigate how astaxanthin affects sperm parameters during the freeze-thaw process. A thorough search of electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted up until July 1, 2024. Random-effects models were used to synthesize the data, and the quality and heterogeneity of the evidence were assessed. Our findings show that while astaxanthin improved sperm viability and morphology, there was no significant improvement in total motility (MD = 5.67, 95% CI: -7.49 to 18.84, p = 0.40) or DNA damage (MD = -12.07, 95% CI: -25.72 to 1.57, p = 0.08) after thawing. However, significant increases were observed in progressive motility (MD = 6.79, 95% CI: 3.37 to 10.21, p = 0.00) and sperm viability during thawing (MD = 7.56, 95% CI: 4.91 to 10.21, p = 0.00). Astaxanthin also significantly improved the percentage of sperm with normal morphology (MD = -24.53, 95% CI: -45.25 to -3.81, p = 0.02). Additionally, sperm kinematic parameters including VAP (MD = 3.71, 95% CI: 0.65 to 6.77, p = 0.02) and VCL (MD = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.19 to 5.54, p = 0.00) were significantly improved, while no significant differences were observed for VSL, LIN, and STR.A descriptive synthesis of redox status, metabolic activity, MMP measures, and apoptosis was conducted.These findings suggest that astaxanthin supplementation can significantly improve sperm viability, morphology, and certain kinematic parameters during the freeze-thaw process. However, due to the small sample sizes, risk of bias, and significant heterogeneity, further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41714661/
- PMID 42346082 (2026, Cells) — Smart Hydrogels for Craniofacial Regeneration.. Abstract (opening): Hydrogel scaffolds have emerged as instructive microenvironments for craniofacial tissue regeneration, moving beyond passive cell carriers toward platforms that regulate cell fate, vascularization, immune remodeling, and tissue-specific architecture. This review synthesizes hydrogel-associated strategies across dental pulp, periodontal ligament, gingival, bone marrow, jawbone, endothelial, oral mucosal, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC), extracellular vesicle (EV), exosome, secretome, and acellular systems. The evidence indicates that craniofacial hydrogel performance is governed by reciprocal interactions among biological source, scaffold composition, matrix mechanics, spatial architecture, mineral or ionic signaling, growth factor delivery, vesicle-mediated communication, and inflammatory niche modulation. Mineralized and ion-releasing hydrogels most consistently supported osteogenesis and bone repair, whereas extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic, peptide, collagen, fibrin, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), alginate, hyaluronic acid (HA), and chitosan-based systems enabled pulp-dentin, periodontal, peri-implant, oral mucosal, and soft-tissue reconstruction. Responsive, antimicrobial, antioxidant, conductive, and immunomodulatory hydrogels further expanded the field by targeting diseased microenvironments rather than regeneration alone. Despite strong preclinical evidence, translation remains limited by heterogeneity in scaffold formulations, biological sources, analytical endpoints, defect models, and long-term functional validation. Future progress will require standardized characterization, tissue-specific design criteria, clinically relevant large-animal models, scalable cell-free technologies, and integrated assessment of regeneration, immunity, vascularization, innervation, mechanics, and safety.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42346082/
- PMID 42074945 (2026, Journal of clinical medicine) — Liver Xenotransplantation: From Early Primate Trials to the First-in-Human Porcine Bridging Therapies.. Abstract (opening): Liver transplantation remains the definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure, yet a critical and persistent shortage of donor organs results in thousands of preventable deaths annually worldwide. Xenotransplantation has emerged as a potential solution to this structural deficit. This narrative review traces the evolution of liver xenotransplantation, from early non-human primate trials in the 1960s through the application of CRISPR/Cas9-driven multi-gene editing platforms in contemporary porcine donors. The immunological barriers that drove the transition from primate to porcine donors are examined, including hyperacute rejection mediated by anti-α-Gal antibodies, coagulation dysregulation and xenograft thrombotic microangiopathy. The genetic engineering strategies underlying current triple-knockout, ten-gene-edited donor pigs are reviewed alongside the preclinical non-human primate evidence establishing biological feasibility. The three pig-to-human liver xenotransplantation studies published between 2025 and 2026 are then analyzed, encompassing heterotopic auxiliary transplantation in a brain-dead decedent, extracorporeal liver cross-circulation and the first auxiliary liver xenotransplantation in a living recipient with a documented 171-day survival. These cases collectively provide preliminary evidence supporting proof-of-concept for porcine hepatic bridging therapy, with current evidence supporting a role for xenogeneic liver support as a temporary bridge to recovery or allotransplantation rather than definitive organ replacement. Xenograft thrombotic microangiopathy is identified as the principal remaining biological barrier, and the substantial translational challenges, including reproducibility, scalability and regulatory readiness that must be resolved before broader clinical application can be considered.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42074945/
- PMID 41603024 (2026, Zoological research) — Generation of a <i>PKP2</i> heterozygous knockout pig model of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.. Abstract (opening): Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) confers elevated risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, yet limitations in early lesion sampling and model development continue to hinder mechanistic and translational research. Clinical, pathological, and mutational profiles were examined in 24 individuals with ACM harboring <i>PKP2</i> variants. Among these, a patient carrying the c.1132C>T mutation exhibited the earliest onset and presented both structural cardiac abnormalities and major adverse cardiovascular events. To facilitate disease modeling, the c.1147C>T variant-a previously reported pathogenic substitution located proximal to position c.1132 in <i>PKP2</i>-was selected to enhance the feasibility of generating a porcine model. The BE3 gene editing system was used to induce C>T mutation. Two single guide RNAs targeting the <i>PKP2</i> gene were designed (sgRNA1 for c.1132C>T and sgRNA2 for c.1147C>T), yielding editing efficiencies of 42.9% and 25.9%, respectively. SgRNA1 was used to generate <i>PKP2</i> <sup>+/-</sup> porcine fetal fibroblasts. A total of 14 cloned piglets were produced, including 11 viable and three stillborn <i>PKP2</i> <sup>+/-</sup> individuals. By 24 months of age, <i>PKP2</i> <sup>+/-</sup> pigs developed premature ventricular contractions and right ventricular dilatation. Histological analysis revealed adipocyte infiltration within the right ventricular wall, and electron microscopy demonstrated reduced desmosomal length and electron density consistent with desmosomal dysfunction. Transcriptomic profiling showed high expression of genes associated with lipid catabolic processes. This study established the first <i>PKP2</i> <sup>+/-</sup> porcine model of ACM using BE3-mediated base editing, providing a valuable platform for elucidating early pathogenic mechanisms and evaluating therapeutic interventions.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41603024/
- PMID 41485980 (2026, The Journal of veterinary medical science) — A case report of supernumerary maxillary canines in a male Sulawesi babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis).. Abstract (opening): Male Sulawesi babirusas (Babyrousa celebensis) are known for their distinctive backward-curving canine tusks. Previous research on the anomalies of canines in male babirusa skulls has demonstrated a high prevalence of growth abnormalities due to failure in the rotation of the alveolar process and the curvature of the canines, while the numerical abnormalities were found to be rare. This study focused on supernumerary maxillary canines as observed in a wild-caught babirusa in an ex situ conservation program. This report represents the first publication of photographic evidence of a living babirusa with three right maxillary canines, one left maxillary canine growing toward the right side of the snout, and two overgrown mandibular canines threatening to erode the forehead.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41485980/
- PMID 41853103 (2026, ASM case reports) — Case report of <i>Enterococcus thailandicus</i> bacteremia, with genomic characterization of its clinical isolate.. Abstract (opening): <h4>Background</h4><i>Enterococcus thailandicus</i> was initially isolated from food in Thailand, and a single clinical case involving an intra-abdominal abscess was reported. No reports on the bacteremia or whole-genome sequencing of clinically isolated <i>E. thailandicus</i> have been published.<h4>Case summary</h4>A 50-year-old woman with intestinal Crohn's disease was admitted because of bloody stools. She had been treated twice previously for a perianal abscess. She developed a fever on day 15 of hospitalization. Both blood and urine cultures were polymicrobial and included <i>E. thailandicus</i>, which was susceptible to penicillins. She was treated for the perianal abscess and pyelonephritis with intravenous penicillins combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors for 2 weeks, followed by oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for 4 weeks. The identities of the isolates in the blood and urine cultures were confirmed using whole-genome analysis. No antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence genes, or plasmid replicons were identified in these isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the clinical isolates and 21 <i>E. thailandicus</i> isolates in public databases indicated a relatively close lineage to that obtained from pig stool samples in Japan. No antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to penicillins were identified in any of the <i>E. thailandicus</i> genomes.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Phylogenetic analysis suggested that infection with <i>E. thailandicus</i> in this patient may have originated in Japan. The prognosis after treatment with penicillins was favorable.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41853103/
- PMID 41660043 (2026, Frontiers in genetics) — Case Report: Clinical and genetic analysis of a family with hereditary spherocytosis combined with familial chylomicronemia syndrome.. Abstract (opening): <h4>Objective</h4>This study was conducted to investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of a family affected by hereditary spherocytosis (HS) combined with familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), identify the pathogenic cause, and provide a basis for the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling of affected children.<h4>Methods</h4>Clinical data were collected from family members. High-throughput sequencing was performed to identify pathogenic variants in genes associated with HS and FCS in the proband. Suspected pathogenic mutations were confirmed in family members via PCR-Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis and three-dimensional protein structure prediction were also conducted.<h4>Results</h4>The proband presented with severe anemia, splenomegaly, and jaundice. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous mutation, c.6005G>A (p.Trp2002*), in the spectrin beta chain (<i>SPTB</i>)gene (NM_001355436.2) and a missense mutation, c.292G>A (p.Ala98Thr), in the lipoprotein lipase (<i>LPL</i>) gene (NM_000237.3). The <i>SPTB</i> c.6005G>A (p.Trp2002*) mutation was inherited from the mother, who exhibited mild anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly. The <i>LPL</i> c.292G>A (p.Ala98Thr) mutation was inherited from the father, who had hypertriglyceridemia. The <i>SPTB</i> c.6005G>A (p.Trp2002*) mutation is extremely rare in the general population.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The heterozygous mutations <i>SPTB</i> c.6005G>A (p.Trp2002*) and <i>LPL</i> c.292G>A (p.Ala98Thr) are the pathogenic causes in this family and provide a basis for clinical management and genetic counseling. Based on the HGMD, 1000G, and ExAC databases, the <i>SPTB</i> c.6005G>A (p.Trp2002*) mutation is reported here for the first time, enriching the mutation spectrum of the <i>SPTB</i> gene.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41660043/
- PMID 40525551 (2026, Wilderness & environmental medicine) — Traumatic Knee Arthrotomy Induced by Wild Boar Tusk in a 15-Year-Old Male: A Case Report.. Abstract (opening): This case report describes a unique incident involving a boar attack in a wilderness setting, resulting in a traumatic knee arthrotomy in a pediatric patient. The patient presented to the emergency department with a laceration caused by a wild boar attack while hunting. Initial assessment revealed a deep laceration over his anterior knee and radiographs demonstrated significant air within the knee joint, consistent with a traumatic knee arthrotomy. The patient was placed on empiric, broad-spectrum antibiotics and underwent urgent surgical irrigation and debridement. Intraoperative cultures were sent, and infectious disease was consulted. Intraoperative cultures obtained grew <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>, although the <i>Aspergillus</i> was ultimately thought to be a contaminant. The patient was then placed on sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) for targeted antibiotic treatment. The patient responded well to the treatment regimen, with no signs of infection or further complications. Follow-up examinations have demonstrated full, painless knee range of motion and no adverse postoperative events. This case demonstrates a rare but significant injury in a pediatric patient secondary to a wild boar attack. Furthermore, though a systematic review was not conducted, no similar cases were identified in the available literature describing these bacterial isolates from a wild boar tusk within a traumatic arthrotomy. These findings may assist orthopedic surgeons, emergency physicians, and infectious disease specialists in antibiotic selection when these injuries are encountered to prevent subsequent complications.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40525551/
- PMID 41952171 (2026, BMC veterinary research) — Uterine squamous cell carcinoma in a 10-year-old Vietnamese pot-bellied pig (Sus scrofa domesticus).. Abstract (opening): A 10-year-old intact female Vietnamese Pot-bellied pet pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) presented to the Production Animal Clinic at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital in South Africa (OVAH) with recurrent vaginal bleeding as the primary complaint. Clinical examination, vaginoscopy with vaginal cytology and abdominal ultrasound localised the haemorrhage to the reproductive tract and initially revealed a pyometra. After the failure of medical treatment with a luteolytic agent, anti-inflammatory and antibiotics, an exploratory laparotomy was performed, during which two macroscopical uterine lesions were observed. Histopathology identified the lesions as a squamous cell carcinoma infiltrating the endo- and myometrium and a focal endometrial polyp. An ovariohysterectomy resulted in a full recovery. No evidence of pulmonary metastases was found.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41952171/
- PMID 41501716 (2026, BMC veterinary research) — Tonsillar T-cell lymphoma with hepatic and renal metastases in a fattening domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus).. Abstract (opening): BACKGROUND: In pigs, lymphoma is documented only sporadically in literature. Compared with other livestock species, such as cattle, lymphoma in pigs has a significantly lower incidence. The low number of reported cases may be due in part to underdiagnosis related to the production environment in which these animals are raised, together with the sporadic and non–virus-associated nature of the disease. Although rare, lymphomas represent the most frequent form of hematopoietic tumor in this species with different sites of development. To date, there are no clear reports of primary tonsillar lymphoma in pigs in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report describes a rare case of tonsillar lymphoma with liver and kidney metastases in an intensively reared male castrated Danish pig. The animal, apparently in good health, was found dead at the age of 4 months (120 days), without any premonitory clinical signs. On necropsy, enlargement of the tonsils of the soft palate, with firm consistency and red color and multiple white-to-gray nodules in the liver and kidneys were observed, and considered consistent with a round cell tumor. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses identified a T cell lymphoma with primary tonsillar localization and metastatic spread. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other livestock species, such as cattle, lymphoma in pigs has a significantly lower incidence and this report contributes to expanding knowledge about the anatomical distribution and biological behavior of lymphomas in pigs. This case highlights the importance of including histologic examination of the tonsils in postmortem investigations, especially in the presence of metastatic lesions of uncertain origin. It also suggests the usefulness of implementing systematic reporting systems for neoplastic lesions in pigs to improve health surveillance and deepen the epidemiology of neoplasms in the swine species. Increased awareness among farm veterinarians, inspectors, and diagnosticians can help refine early diagnosis and health management on the farm.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41501716/
Source text: pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_mini_pig_clinical_2026-08-01.txt (Europe PMC first-hand abstracts, pulled 2026-08-01).