Evidence: Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) clinical cases
Source: Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search — first-hand peer-reviewed abstract records, pulled 2026-08-01. Queries covered clinical case reports and case series for Cavia porcellus. The cluster returns 12 representative clinical cases with abstracts below. Abstract text is verbatim from source; each case is traceable by PMID.
Studies
- PMID 42076742 (2026, Veterinary sciences) — Multidrug-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Causing Respiratory and Systemic Infection in a Guinea Pig (<i>Cavia porcellus</i>) in Romania: A Case Report.. Abstract (opening): <h4>Background/objectives</h4>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Escherichia coli</i> has increasingly been recognized as a pathogen capable of causing severe systemic infections in various animal species. However, reports describing respiratory and septicemic infections caused by MDR <i>E. coli</i> in guinea pigs remain scarce. The objective of this report was to describe the clinical, pathological, and microbiological findings associated with a fatal infection in a domestic guinea pig.<h4>Case study</h4>A 10-month-old female guinea pig (<i>Cavia porcellus</i>), kept as a companion animal in a household environment, presented with acute respiratory distress, lethargy, and anorexia, progressing rapidly to death within approximately 36 h of onset. Post-mortem examination revealed severe pulmonary congestion, diffuse inflammatory lesions in the trachea, and generalized vascular congestion in multiple organs. Bacteriological cultures obtained from lung and bone marrow samples yielded pure growth of <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Identification was confirmed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated resistance to several antibiotic classes, including β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and phenicols, while susceptibility was retained only to aminoglycosides. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of virulence genes involved in adhesion and iron acquisition, supporting the pathogenic potential of the isolate.<h4>Conclusions</h4>This report highlights the ability of MDR <i>E. coli</i> to cause severe respiratory and systemic infections in guinea pigs. The findings underline the importance of early diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial stewardship, and improved husbandry conditions in preventing such infections. From a One Health perspective, the circulation of resistant strains in companion animals may represent a potential risk for both environmental and human health.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42076742/
- PMID 41728530 (2026, Cureus) — Anaphylaxis Following a Mouse Bite in a Patient Sensitized to Mouse, Rat, and Hamster: A Case Report.. Abstract (opening): We report a case of anaphylaxis in a man in his 30s following a mouse bite while working in an animal research facility. He developed generalized erythema, wheezing, and hypoxemia consistent with grade 2 anaphylaxis, which resolved after treatment with adrenaline, corticosteroids, antihistamines, and bronchodilators. Serum testing revealed specific IgE to mouse, rat, and hamster, despite no direct exposure to the latter two species. The patient had worked as an animal researcher for 15 years, exclusively handling mice. Before this episode, he reported mouse bites occurring every two to three years, which caused only localized itching. This case highlights the need for preventive measures in laboratory settings and for further investigation into sensitization routes and the potential cross-reactivity among rodent allergens.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41728530/
- PMID 42245977 (2026, Frontiers in veterinary science) — Uterine choriocarcinoma associated with ovarian cysts in a <i>Cavia porcellus</i>: a clinical case.. Abstract (opening): A 3. 5-year-old female guinea pig was presented for suspected hematuria. Hematology, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and fecal examination were within normal limits; however, diagnostic imaging revealed multiple ovarian cysts and a uterine mass without evidence of metastasis. The animal underwent an ovariohysterectomy to remove the mass but died 6 h after anesthetic recovery. Histopathological examination identified a uterine adenoma with focal choriocarcinoma, associated with polycystic ovarian disease. To the authors' knowledge, this represents only the second reported case of uterine choriocarcinoma in the guinea pig. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of uterine choriocarcinoma in a guinea pig documented with a complete clinical, surgical, diagnostic imaging, histopathological, and necropsy evaluation.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42245977/
- PMID 41902252 (2026, Viruses) — Animal Models for Swine Influenza Virus Research: Pathology, Viral Dynamics, and Immune Responses.. Abstract (opening): Swine influenza virus (SIV) continues to evolve and possesses notable zoonotic potential, making it an important respiratory pathogen of concern for both the global swine industry and public health. Owing to antigenic drift, genetic reassortment, and regional lineage diversity, vaccine efficacy against SIV shows marked variability across different epidemiological contexts. Therefore, establishing appropriate animal models to dissect its pathogenic mechanisms, transmission characteristics, and immune response patterns is of critical importance. This review systematically summarises the animal models commonly used in SIV research, including mice, ferrets, guinea pigs, pigs, and non-human primates, and provides an integrated analysis across three core dimensions: pathological manifestations, viral replication kinetics, and immune architecture. The evidence indicates that substantial inter-model differences exist in pulmonary lesion distribution, transmission efficiency, mucosal immune development, and cellular immune complexity, which in turn define their functional roles in mechanistic studies, transmission research, and vaccine evaluation. Building on this framework, this review further emphasises the value of a tiered, multi-model strategy in SIV research. In vitro systems and mouse models are well suited for early mechanistic exploration and preliminary vaccine screening; ferret and guinea pig models facilitate the evaluation of transmission dynamics; and the pig model, as the natural host system, remains the critical platform for confirming protective efficacy, identifying potential immunopathological risks, and assessing translational relevance. Importantly, the potential occurrence of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease under antigen-mismatched conditions highlights the need to evaluate both protective performance and immunological safety during vaccine development. Overall, rational integration of evidence across multiple models, anchored to the natural host, will improve the predictability and translational reliability of SIV vaccine research.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41902252/
- PMID 41642911 (2026, PloS one) — The additive effect of IgE-mediated and pseudoallergic hypersensitivity in RBL-2H3 cells and guinea pigs.. Abstract (opening): Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) are commonly observed with various medications. However, some drugs, like Qingkailing (QKL), iodixanol, and vancomycin, previously classified as pseudoallergic, do not align with clinical observations, creating uncertainty in understanding DHR mechanisms and implementing prevention. In response, our research team hypothesized that IgE-mediated allergy and pseudoallergic hypersensitivity may synergistically lead to more severe reactions. We established an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity model using an anti-dinitrophenyl IgE monoclonal antibody in RBL-2H3 cells and employed ovalbumin (OVA) for guinea pigs. Compound 48/80 served as a positive control for non-immunologic hypersensitivity. We measured β-hexosaminidase and histamine released in cells and guinea pigs to focus on hypersensitivity responses from both IgE-mediated and pseudoallergic pathways. Results indicated that combining pseudoallergic drugs and IgE significantly increased the hypersensitivity response compared to IgE or separate compound 48/80 groups. This effect was mirrored in the OVA-induced model. Notably, the three pseudoallergic drugs exhibited a similar increase in IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. These findings highlight the additive effects of IgE-mediated and pseudoallergic hypersensitivity, suggesting a more potent DHR response. The study also measured several cytokines and developed a method to differentiate between allergic, pseudoallergic DHRs, and additive reactions, aiding in understanding and controlling serious DHR risks in clinical practice.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41642911/
- PMID 41631187 (2026, Respiratory medicine case reports) — Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (MVOCs) - rare cause of occupational asthma in two veterinarians.. Abstract (opening): Animal farming is associated with exposure to organic dust containing allergens, endotoxins, and alive microbial organisms. Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (MVOCs) produced mainly by fungi and bacteria pollute the air and accumulate particularly in confined animal buildings, posing serious health hazards to workers, including veterinarians. The exposure can lead to rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a range of cross-sectional studies, wheeze and asthma were associated with exposure to swine, dairy cattle, horse, and sheep, but also to more specific exposures like manure. Occupational asthma has been reported in agricultural workers, including veterinarians. We report two cases of veterinarians who developed asthma in relation to prolonged and intense contact with sheep. No specific allergens could be found, MVOCs were considered as the causative agents.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41631187/
- PMID 41541602 (2026, Journal of asthma and allergy) — Traditional Chinese Medicine for Allergic Rhinitis: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Gut-Immune Axis Targets.. Abstract (opening): <h4>Objective</h4>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent allergic disorder with increasing global incidence, and gut microbiota dysbiosis has emerged as a key pathogenic factor. This review systematically synthesizes evidence on how traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-including single herbs, herbal formulas, and auxiliary therapies-alleviates AR by targeting gut microbiota, aiming to clarify mechanistic pathways and provide evidence-based support for clinical practice.<h4>Methods</h4>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Embase databases. Keywords included ["Traditional Chinese Medicine" or "TCM" or "Chinese herbal medicine" or "herbal formula"], ["allergic rhinitis" or "AR"], ["gut microbiota" or "intestinal microbiota"], ["immune regulation"], ["intestinal barrier"], and ["inflammatory mediator"]. Only peer-reviewed studies (human or animal models) focusing on TCM-gut microbiota-AR interactions were included; non-relevant, non-peer-reviewed, or duplicate articles were excluded.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 210 relevant studies were initially identified from the three databases (PubMed: 67, Embase: 55, CNKI: 88); subsequently, 122 duplicate records, 44 irrelevant records (38 with title mismatch, 6 including meetings, case reports, and protocols), and 22 low-quality studies were excluded, and finally 24 studies were included in this review. TCM exerts anti-AR effects through multi-targeted modulation of the gut microbiota-intestinal barrier-immune axis. TCM (eg, Astragalus membranaceus, Xiaoqinglong Decoction) increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria (eg, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) and reduces pathogenic taxa, while promoting the production of microbial metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). TCM components upregulate tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin) and activate the PI3K/Akt pathway to enhance intestinal epithelial integrity, reducing barrier permeability. TCM balances Th1/Th2/Treg cell subsets, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, and reduces pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α) while elevating anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IFN-γ). Clinical trials confirm TCM alleviates AR symptoms (nasal congestion, rhinorrhea), lowers serum IgE levels, and reduces disease recurrence.<h4>Conclusion</h4>TCM ameliorates AR by integrating gut microbiota modulation, intestinal barrier repair, and immune regulation-highlighting its multi-pathway, multi-target advantages. Current limitations include insufficient large-scale randomized controlled trials and unclear TCM-microbiota crosstalk at the molecular level. Future research should leverage multi-omics technologies to decipher precise mechanisms and explore TCM-Western medicine combinations for optimized AR management.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41541602/
- PMID 42220679 (2026, Cureus) — Resistant Epilepsy and Developmental Delay in a Syndromic Infant: A Case of Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Type Ik From India.. Abstract (opening): Type I congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) is a group of genetic disorders that affect the biosynthesis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides or the transfer of oligosaccharides onto nascent glycoproteins. Mutations in the <i>ALG1</i> gene cause CDG type Ik. We report a ten-month-old female with CDG type Ik presenting with recurrent seizures, global developmental delay, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a homozygous likely pathogenic variant chr16:5071980G>T or c.131G>T or p.Gly44Val in the ALG1 gene. Transferrin isoform analysis showed a CDG type I pattern, consistent with a glycosylation disorder. This case emphasizes the importance of early clinical suspicion, metabolic screening, and genetic testing in infants with unexplained recurrent seizures, syndromic features, and multisystemic involvement.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42220679/
- PMID 40743271 (2026, Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology) — Hypokalaemia and bradycardia unmask the loss-of-function phenotype of a Brugada Syndrome SCN5A mutation.. Abstract (opening): <h4>Aims</h4>Loss-of-function (LOF) mutations of the cardiac Na+ channel (SCN5A) are causatively associated with the Brugada Syndrome (BrS). However, the onset of Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) is a rare event, and critical factors favouring the pathological phenotype remain often elusive. This study explores how concomitant triggering conditions may impact on VF onset in a symptomatic proband carrying the S805L/SCN5A BrS mutation.<h4>Methods and results</h4>Clinical, in-vitro, numerical, and structural analyses were performed. A 67-year-old male was resuscitated after cardiac arrest, and clinical analysis upon hospitalisation revealed severe hypokalaemia (2.5 mEq/L). The ECG showed a coved type-I BrS pattern and the SCN5A mutation (S805L) was identified. Patch-clamp studies carried out in a heterologous expression system (HEK293 cells) revealed that WT/S805L channels exhibit two different phenotypes (normal and LOF); the main parameter controlling this distribution is the cell membrane potential. A protected/normal behaviour was observed at -80 mV; conversely, LOF occurred at more negative potentials (-100/-120 mV). Further analyses in isolated outflow tract ventricular cardiomyocytes showed that hypokalaemia (and bradycardia) induced diastolic potential hyperpolarisation, thus favouring the Na+ current LOF. Computational and molecular modelling confirmed our findings and revealed the structural determinant of this alteration.<h4>Conclusion</h4>WT/S805L Na+ channels exhibit either a LOF or a wild-type-like behaviour depending on the membrane potential. Since hypokalaemia and slow pacing rate induce cell hyperpolarisation and the associated LOF, they represent concurrent elements creating the scenario responsible for the VF and cardiac arrest. These results may represent an interpretative paradigm applicable to other BrS mutations.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40743271/
- PMID 42136742 (2026, Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology) — Viral RNA persistence and long-term consequences following acute infection with Risk Group 4 zoonotic viruses.. Abstract (opening): RNA viruses are historically characterized by acute, strictly transient infections, with few exceptions. However, the emerging phenomenon of viral RNA persistence is fundamentally challenging this paradigm. Accumulating data across non-retroviral RNA viruses including several families of Risk Group 4 (RG4) pathogens demonstrate that viral genetic material can persist within the host long after clinical recovery and the clearance of systemic viremia. The current review explores this new frontier in infectious diseases, synthesizing recent evidence for viral RNA persistence in RG4 zoonotic viruses and its profound clinical and public health implications, from post-acute sequelae and fatal recrudescence to the risk of re-igniting outbreaks. We further attempt to integrate findings from disease-susceptible hosts with those from natural reservoir hosts and propose a hypothetical, central role of viral RNA persistence in the maintenance and transmission of zoonotic RNA viruses, an idea we refer to as "the Latency Hypothesis". These updates underscore the critical need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying persistence and to develop targeted medical countermeasures.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42136742/
- PMID 42072841 (2026, Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)) — Exploring Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies as a Confirmatory Tool for Diagnosing Coeliac Disease in Children.. Abstract (opening): <b>Background/Objectives:</b> The prerequisite for diagnosing celiac disease (CD) in children without duodenal biopsy is a tissue transglutaminase antibody (TGA) level exceeding 10 times the upper limit of normal levels, along with a positive confirmatory anti-endomysial antibody (EMA) test in a secondary blood sample. The aim of our study was to determine whether determination of TGA in a second blood sample could be as reliable as determination of EMA as the confirmatory test in children eligible for the no-biopsy approach. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis of medical data was conducted, including children under 19 years old who were diagnosed with coeliac disease at our department from January 2013 to June 2025. We examined the diagnostic process, focusing on TGA levels at the time of diagnosis. <b>Results:</b> Data from 185 CD patients (59.5% female, median age 8 years) were available for the analysis. 49 (26.5%) patients were diagnosed using no-biopsy approach and 46 (93.9%) of those had TGA > 10 × ULN in second blood sample as well. In the group of children diagnosed using duodenal biopsy (<i>N</i> = 136; 96.3% 3 Marsh), 78 (57.4%) children had initial TGA > 10 × ULN. In 34 (43.6%) of those children, secondary serology performed before introducing a diet showed that 30 (88.2%) of them had TGA > 10 × ULN. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study suggests that TGA levels > 10 × ULN could serve as a reliable test for confirming the diagnosis of CD in children, eligible for the no-biopsy approach, thus making the diagnostic process more cost-effective and efficient, while maintaining accuracy.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42072841/
- PMID 41307236 (2026, Veterinary ophthalmology) — Intraocular Osseous Metaplasia in Norfolk Black Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Clinicopathological Characterization of a Rare Avian Condition.. Abstract (opening): <h4>Background</h4>Osseous metaplasia is a rare condition characterized by abnormal bone growth in soft tissues. Although documented in mammals, intraocular osseous metaplasia is uncommon in avian species and has been poorly characterized in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo).<h4>Case presentation</h4>An adult Norfolk Black turkey presented with progressive buphthalmos, caseous ocular discharge, and complete vision loss confined to the left eye. Owing to the poor prognosis, enucleation was performed. Gross examination revealed a friable, caseous, yellow-white intraocular mass with retinal and vitreous involvement. Histopathological examination revealed abundant osteoid matrix and osseous trabeculae, intense neovascularization, heterophilic infiltration, and areas resembling the medullary bone.<h4>Discussion</h4>Histopathological findings support the diagnosis of intraocular osseous metaplasia, which is distinct from normal scleral ossicles in birds. Chronic inflammation and longstanding retinal detachment may trigger differentiation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) into osteoblast-like cells, contributing to osseous metaplasia in the ciliary body. Intraocular bone formation in birds remains poorly understood, and further investigation of its pathogenesis is warranted.<h4>Conclusion</h4>This report describes a well-characterized case of intraocular osseous metaplasia in a turkey. Recognition of this uncommon condition is essential when considering the differential diagnoses of intraocular masses in avian species, emphasizing the diagnostic value of histopathological evaluation. Further studies are warranted to explore the possible systemic involvement and to elucidate the underlying etiologies, including chronic inflammation and trauma.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41307236/
Source text: pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_guinea_pig_clinical_2026-08-01.txt (Europe PMC first-hand abstracts, pulled 2026-08-01).