Evidence cluster — Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) clinical cases (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)

Evidence: Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) clinical cases

Source: Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search — first-hand peer-reviewed abstract records, pulled 2026-08-01. Queries covered clinical case reports and case series for Chinchilla lanigera. The cluster returns 12 representative clinical cases with abstracts below. Abstract text is verbatim from source; each case is traceable by PMID.

Studies

• PMID 41874106 (2026, Hematology reports) — A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of a Mammary Myofibroblastoma in a Male with a History of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report.. Abstract (opening): <b>Background and Clinical Significance</b>: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is a morphologically and molecularly heterogeneous lymphoproliferative disorder that originates from a clonal B-cell ancestor. Patients usually present with rapidly enlarging lymph nodes or mass(es) at single or multiple sites. Generally, 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT) is performed post-treatment to evaluate remission status, especially in radiologically residual tumors. Myofibroblastoma (MFB) is a benign mesenchymal tumor of the mammary stroma composed of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. These entities do not often present concurrently. <b>Case presentation</b>: The patient was an 80-year-old man with a history of stage IV-BS Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) with a high-risk International Prognostic Index (IPI). The patient underwent treatment with a six-cycle R-CHOP regimen. Immediately after the last cycle, an 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT) scan revealed a nodular solid lesion with a faintly increased metabolic standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 3 in the upper outer quadrant of his left breast. A biopsy of the breast lesion was performed, and it revealed a benign mesenchymal tumor, specifically a Myofibroblastoma. The patient has not presented any symptoms or complications since surgery (12 months) and remains in complete remission (CR). <b>Conclusions</b>: Given the potential diagnostic pitfalls and therapeutic implications of residual tumors in the context of DLBCL, a conscientious evaluation by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) is highly recommended.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41874106/

• PMID 42319105 (2026, The journal of extra-corporeal technology) — Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;R) in post lung transplant patients.. Abstract (opening): Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO₂R) has emerged as a promising adjunctive therapy to mitigate hypercapnia and reduce invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) settings. We present the cases of two post-lung transplant patients with severe hypercapnia and respiratory failure who were successfully treated with the ECCO₂R. In both cases, we used a venovenous ECCO₂R (V-ECCO₂R) system, employing the Prismalung™ oxygenator integrated into a Prismaflex™ continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) platform. This technique proved efficacy in correcting hypercapnia, improving ventilatory parameters, and facilitating lung-protective strategies in post-lung transplant patients with respiratory failure. This technique represents a valuable adjunct to conventional mechanical ventilation, particularly in cases where hypercapnia poses a risk to graft function and patient stability. Further studies are warranted to establish optimal patient selection and refine treatment protocols for ECCO₂R implementation in critical care settings.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42319105/

• PMID 42322456 (2026, Lasers in medical science) — Multimodal evaluation of 525 nm laser-induced retinal injury in rabbits: structural, functional and cytokine analyses.. Abstract (opening): This study aimed to systematically study the characterize of retinal damage induced by 525 nm laser irradiation at different power densities through multimodal assessment methods, including structural, functional and cytokine analyses. A total of 24 rabbits were exposed to laser irradiation at 0.5, 200, 500, and 1000 mW/cm² with a single-eye exposure duration of 0.25 s. Multimodal evaluations including ERG, OCT/OCTA, histopathology and aqueous humor cytokine microarray analysis were used to evaluate the characteristics of laser-induced injury in rabbit eyes. No visible functional or pathological damage was observed after low-power laser radiation (0.5 mW/cm²). Laser irradiation exceeding 200 mW/cm² induced transient electroretinographic suppression and persistent laser spots in the fundus. Laser-induced retinal edema and hemorrhage were naturally absorbed within 7 days after injury, and cellular damage and structural changes persisted in the form of old plaques (14d). Notably, 1000 mW/cm² laser exposure caused severe retinal detachment (1d), ultimately leading to a retinal hole (14d). There was no significant difference in the inflammatory array clustering analysis of anterior aqueous humor, but several individual cytokines showed statistically significant differences: ANG-1 was upregulated (500 and 1000 mW/cm², p < 0.01) while VEGF-A was downregulated (500 mW/cm², p < 0.05); MIP-1β was significantly increased (200 mW/cm², p < 0.05), whereas IL-1RA was decreased (500 mW/cm², p < 0.05). The 525 nm laser induced dose-dependent retinal injury, ranging from reversible functional inhibition to irreversible structural damage, and triggered the expression of cytokines related to vascular stability and inflammation regulation.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42322456/

• PMID 42290788 (2026, Frontiers in veterinary science) — &lt;i&gt;Listeria ivanovii&lt;/i&gt;-an underestimated pathogen in veterinary medicine.. Abstract (opening): <i>Listeria</i> (<i>L.</i>) <i>ivanovii</i> is a Gram-positive, facultatively intracellular rod-shaped bacterium. It is predominantly associated with animal infections, particularly in ruminants. Unlike <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, which is widely recognised as a major zoonotic and foodborne pathogen, <i>L. ivanovii</i> is often overlooked, despite documented cases of abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal septicemia in sheep, goats, and cattle. This review provides an overview of <i>L. ivanovii</i> taxonomy, microbiological characteristics, virulence determinants, host adaptation, epidemiology, transmission routes, diagnostic challenges, antimicrobial susceptibility, and preventive measures in animal husbandr<i>y</i>. Available evidence suggests that infections with <i>L. ivanovii</i> tend to be sporadic, with occasional outbreaks of abortions in small ruminant flocks. Large-scale epizootics and sustained interregional spread have not been documented. Human infections are rare and predominantly occur in immunocompromised individuals, which supports the assumption that the zoonotic potential is limited under normal conditions. Underdiagnosing and missing awareness likely contribute to the perception of rarity, as routine laboratory workflows often do not differentiate <i>Listeria</i> species beyond the genus level. The increasing use of molecular confirmation and whole-genome sequencing may improve species-level detection and clarify epidemiological patterns. Overall, <i>L. ivanovii</i> should be regarded as a specialised pathogen predominantly associated with ruminants and of veterinary relevance. Improved diagnostics and integration into existing surveillance frameworks could enhance our understanding of its true epidemiological role and prevent it from being endemic.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42290788/

• PMID 42346738 (2026, Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology) — The Glenohumeral Ligaments of the Anterior Aspect of the Shoulder: Anatomical Patterning and Morphometry.. Abstract (opening): <b>Background</b>: The glenohumeral ligaments are key stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint. Three distinct fascicles are usually described from the anterior surface of the shoulder joint: a superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL); a middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL); and an anteroinferior glenohumeral ligament (AIGHL). A remarkable interindividual variation has been reported, and there are few data about the patterns of insertion of these ligaments. A recent study provided a much-needed insight into the quantitative details of the glenohumeral ligament insertions. However, there is a lack of studies describing linear measurements (closer to real-life surgical anatomy) of glenohumeral ligamentous insertions according to their pattern. <b>Methods</b>: Hereby, we present a Thiel-based anatomical study describing proximal (glenoid) insertions of glenohumeral ligaments in 39 specimens from volunteer body donors to the Applied Anatomy Laboratory at the Autonomous University of Madrid. <b>Results</b>: Only 30.8% of cases showed a canonical pattern of SGHL, MGHL, and AIGHL, with scapular insertions ranging from 0.28 to 1.58 cm for SGHL, 0.1-3.6 cm for MGHL, and 0.45-2.05 cm for AIGHL, frequently mixed between the labrum and the osseous edge of the glenoid surface. Most cases show a single glenohumeral ligament inserted, usually in the labrum. A wide range of patterns regarding the number of insertions and their labral or osseous nature is present in our sample. <b>Conclusions</b>: Overall, there are three different patterns of glenohumeral ligaments in the anterior aspect of the shoulder joint, with the canonical pattern (three ligaments) represented in less than half of the cases. The morphometric study of the glenohumeral ligaments should consider their pattern of distribution. Also, insertions vary between the labrum and the scapular osseous articular surface.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42346738/

• PMID 41875302 (2026, Neuroimmunomodulation) — Neurocysticercosis Is the Result of the Interplay between Parasites, Hormones, and Inflammation.. Abstract (opening): <h4>Background</h4>Parasitic infections of the central nervous system are still a health problem in low- and middle-income countries and due to international travels and migration can affect even opulent countries. Parasites can modulate host immunity to ensure their long-term survival without inflammatory symptoms; therefore, infection of the brain parenchyma by Taenia solium cysticerci (parenchymal neurocysticercosis) may be asymptomatic, or on the other hand lead to severe inflammation that initiates glial activation with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with mild to severe neurological symptoms. Besides, when cysticerci are localized in the ventricles or in the subarachnoid space (extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis) severe symptoms and treatment difficulties occur.<h4>Summary</h4>Here we review how the nervous, the immune, and the endocrine systems interact with T. solium and crassiceps cysticerci and influence the course and individualities of the disease that the parasites trigger in humans and animals. For example, a clear sexual dimorphism in cysticercosis has been found in experimental models of the disease, but the influence of gender in human patients needs further investigation. The synthesis of steroids by the brain cells and the cysticerci might influence the local immune response elicited by the presence of the parasites. Remarkably, cultured cysticerci can synthesize sex steroids and deoxycorticosterone, suggesting that these parasites can influence the local brain microenvironment, especially by producing dehydroepiandrosterone, estrogens, and androgens, which could modify the immune response. Treatment of neurocysticercosis includes cysticidal drugs and corticosteroids intended to control the inflammation caused by the parasite; however, these steroids represent a double-edged tool due to their side effects during prolonged administration and also because of some beneficial effects for the parasite itself.<h4>Key messages</h4>Parasite survival in the host depends on the inflammatory response and the local microenvironment, including steroid hormones that can promote their survival and even their development and proliferation. New strategies should be designed to manage the severe symptoms induced by the chronic presence or the death of parasites and the poor response to treatment that occurs in extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41875302/

• PMID 41917256 (2026, Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection) — Clinical characteristics and mixed infection patterns of ocular surface infection with Epstein-Barr virus.. Abstract (opening): PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical features of ocular surface diseases caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. METHODS: A retrospective case series study was conducted. Data from 48 patients (54 eyes) with EBV infection who visited Peking University Third Hospital between January 2023 and October 2025 were collected. Patient demographics and baseline information were recorded. Ophthalmic slit-lamp examination, ocular surface (conjunctiva/cornea) scrapings, bacterial culture of ocular secretions, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection, EBV-specific antibody testing, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) were performed. RESULTS: Among patients infected with EBV on the ocular surface, the majority were middle-aged individuals in the 31–40 age group. The primary risk factors for onset were keeping pets (10/48), followed by colds (6/48); among those keeping pets, parrots were the most common (5/9). The main clinical manifestations were foreign body sensation (37/54) and yellow discharge (34/54). Common signs included mixed conjunctival hyperemia (31/54), follicles on the lower eyelid conjunctiva (17/54), papillae on the upper eyelid conjunctiva (8/54), and punctate epithelial defects on the cornea (17/54). In most ocular surface scrapings, small round lymphocytes were observed alongside a small number of reactive lymphocytes (44/54), which could simultaneously present with a large number of neutrophils (36/54). There was a significant difference between the presence of yellow discharge and the type of conjunctival hyperemia [Formula: see text]. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of yellow discharge and the presence of neutrophils in the scraping results [Formula: see text]. Significant differences were found in EBV viral loads among different groups of combined symptoms [Formula: see text] and among different follicle groups [Formula: see text]. No statistically significant correlation was found between the lymphocyte count in the scraping and the EBV viral load in the affected eye [Formula: see text]. CONCLUSION: EBV infection of the ocular surface is prone to concurrent infections; therefore, a detailed medical history inquiry is crucial. Ocular surface tissue scraping examination can rapidly identify viral infection-related inflammatory characteristics and rule out bacterial/fungal infections, providing effective supportive auxiliary diagnostic evidence for viral ocular surface infection, and precise diagnosis of EBV infection needs to be achieved in combination with molecular biological and serological tests.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41917256/

• PMID 41822228 (2026, Frontiers in veterinary science) — Feline inflammatory aural polyps: a retrospective imaging-based evaluation.. Abstract (opening): <h4>Introduction</h4>Feline inflammatory aural polyps (FIAP) are common inflammatory lesions of the middle ear in cats and may cause otic, vestibular, and neurological clinical signs. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate signalment, clinical presentation, lesion localization, diagnostic imaging findings, and surgical management in cats diagnosed with FIAP.<h4>Methods</h4>Medical records of 154 cats diagnosed between 2019 and 2024 at a university veterinary hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding age, sex, breed, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging modalities, lesion characteristics, and surgical techniques were analyzed. Diagnostic evaluation included video otoscopy, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<h4>Results</h4>Most affected cats were adults aged 2-7 years, and no sex predisposition was identified. Bilateral involvement was observed in 51.1% of cases, while 48.8% were unilateral, with no statistically significant association between lesion laterality and age or breed. In 98.45% of evaluated cats, inflammatory polyps involved both the dorsolateral and ventromedial compartments of the middle ear. Ventral bulla ostectomy (VBO), performed alone or in combination with traction avulsion, was the most frequently applied surgical technique. No recurrence was observed in cats treated with VBO during the follow-up period.<h4>Discussion</h4>FIAP may present as unilateral or bilateral disease and frequently exhibit multicompartmental involvement. Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role in accurate diagnosis and surgical planning. Imaging-guided, individualized surgical management, particularly VBO when indicated, appears to provide favorable clinical outcomes.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41822228/

• PMID 42050646 (2026, Veterinary research) — Cryptosporidium infections in animals across Asia (2015-2025): a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, host range, geographic distribution, and molecular epidemiology.. Abstract (opening): Cryptosporidium spp. is a globally significant protozoan parasite with profound implications for animals, humans, and environmental health. Despite extensive research, its distribution, prevalence, and diversity across Asia remain fragmented. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on studies published between 2015 and 2025, incorporating 329 investigations from 29 Asian countries and analyzing 142,484 animal specimens. Pooled prevalence was calculated, and molecular epidemiological data were synthesized to characterize species distribution and subtype diversity. The overall pooled prevalence of Cryptosporidium among animals across Asia was 12%, with the highest prevalence reported in West Asia (19.8%). Infections were most frequent in livestock (13.1%), followed by wildlife (9.1%), reflecting the parasite's expanding host range. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of > 74 species and 71 subtypes, with C. parvum (n = 93), C. andersoni (n = 55), C. bovis (n = 43), and C. ryanae (n = 40) being the most frequently reported. C. parvum demonstrated the broadest host spectrum, detected in > 37 animal species, with subtype family IId (n = 49) prevalent in > 22 hosts, underscoring its epidemiological importance. Over the past decade, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and its host diversity has increased significantly across Asia, accompanied by marked genetic heterogeneity. These findings provide critical insights into transmission dynamics and regional hotspots. This synthesis highlights the urgent need for coordinated surveillance and a "One Health Strategy" to mitigate the risks posed by this adaptable and widespread pathogen.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42050646/

• PMID 41669239 (2025, Frontiers in veterinary science) — Case Report: Budd-Chiari-like syndrome in a cat with polycystic kidney and liver disease.. Abstract (opening): A 9-year-old spayed female Persian Chinchilla cat presented with progressive lethargy and acute right hindlimb pain and lameness. Diagnostic imaging revealed diffuse renal and hepatic cysts, resulting in marked hepatomegaly. Computed tomography (CT) further identified a localized narrowing of the intrahepatic caudal vena cava (CVC), likely due to extrinsic compression by the enlarged liver. Laboratory tests revealed moderate anemia, leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, and a hypercoagulable state with markedly elevated serum amyloid A levels. Based on these findings, the cat was diagnosed with polycystic kidney and liver disease (PKD/PLD), complicated by Budd-Chiari-like syndrome (BCLS), a rare hemodynamic disorder in felines. Despite supportive care, the patient succumbed to renal failure within 7 weeks. Whole-genome sequencing identified a heterozygous known pathogenic non-sense mutation in <i>PKD1</i> (XM_023247051.2:c.9864C > A), a novel frameshift mutation in <i>GANAB</i>, and multiple missense variants in <i>PKD1</i> and <i>PKHD1</i>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of feline BCLS secondary to PLD-induced CVC compression. These findings underscore the importance of considering vascular complications in advanced PKD/PLD and suggest that multigenic variation may contribute to disease severity and clinical variability.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41669239/

• PMID 40903875 (2025, The American journal of case reports) — Severe Disseminated Adenovirus Infection After Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report.. Abstract (opening): BACKGROUND Adenoviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses capable of causing a spectrum of diseases from mild respiratory infections to severe systemic illnesses. Disseminated adenovirus is evidenced by gastrointestinal, pulmonary, genitourinary, neurologic and even cardiac involvement. In immunocompromised individuals, adenovirus infections can become severe and are often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. CASE REPORT A 52-year-old man with a history of large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia underwent haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). His course was complicated by the diagnosis of hemorrhagic cystitis with findings of adenovirus. His condition rapidly declined, necessitating Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Comprehensive workup identified adenovirus in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and positive stool adenovirus. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed a moderate pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis. Unfortunately, adenovirus testing of the aspirate could not be performed. Given the diagnosis of disseminated adenovirus infection, treatment with cidofovir and probenecid was initiated, but despite these interventions, the patient's status continued to deteriorate complicated by multiorgan failure and refractory shock. CONCLUSIONS This case underscores the complexity of diagnosing disseminated adenovirus, particularly given the potential for multiorgan system involvement. Early recognition is essential, such as viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR), playing a critical role in the identification and monitoring of infection. The case further emphasizes the pressing need for continued research into novel antiviral therapies and preventive measures to mitigate the risk of adenovirus in this vulnerable population.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40903875/

• PMID 40691820 (2025, BMC pediatrics) — Neonatal meningitis in a full-term neonate due to Streptococcus mitis oralis: a case report.. Abstract (opening): <h4>Background</h4>The incidence of neonatal sepsis in the United States of America is 1-2 cases per 1,000 live births. The majority are bacterial infections due to Escherichia coli and Group B Streptococcus. Only a few reported cases due to Streptococcus mitis oralis exist in the literature with limited information regarding management and treatment.<h4>Case presentation</h4>We report a case of Streptococcus mitis oralis bacteremia and meningitis in a full-term 38 week and 6-day-old female neonate born to a 37-year-old G2P2 mother initially treated with ampicillin and gentamicin for presumed Group B Streptococcus (GBS) sepsis and meningitis, then completing a 14-day treatment course with cefepime.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Clinicians should be aware of S. mitis oralis as it can cause significant illness in both pre-term and term neonates, a population more susceptible to infection. Due to the low incidence of cases, there are no specific guidelines for management of Streptococcus mitis sepsis or meningitis in the newborn. We highlight our clinical decision-making regarding antibiotic selection and treatment duration while focusing on enhancing treatment efficacy based on antimicrobial susceptibilities.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40691820/

Source text: pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_chinchilla_clinical_2026-08-01.txt (Europe PMC first-hand abstracts, pulled 2026-08-01).