Evidence: nutrition / feeding of companion birds (psittacine & pet bird)
Source: Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search — first-hand peer-reviewed abstract records, pulled 2026-07-22. Query: (parrot OR psittacine OR "pet bird") AND (diet OR feeding OR nutrition). The cluster returns 3670 records in Europe PMC; 6 representative studies are extracted below. Abstract text is verbatim from source; each study is traceable by PMID.
Studies
- PMID 41745979 (2026, Veterinary sciences) — Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiomes in Fourteen Parrot Species.. Although the gut microbiome constitutes a key component of vertebrate physiology, comparative baseline data for companion birds, particularly parrots, remain limited. *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*
- PMID 42339789 (2026, Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS) — *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* A survey examined environmental-enrichment (EE) practices reported by guardians of companion parrots; parrots are popular pets yet few studies have examined how guardians provide birds with environmental enrichment. (Source excerpt truncated at abstract opening.)
- PMID 42296149 (2026, PloS one) — Not an infection: Endogenous circoviral elements underlie BFDV detections in Old World vultures.. Circoviruses (family Circoviridae) are small, single-stranded DNA viruses known to infect a broad range of bird species. *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*
- PMID 42221949 (2026, Frontiers in veterinary science) — Behavioral assessment of blue-fronted Amazon parrots (<i>Amazona aestiva</i> Linnaeus, 1758) subjected to experimentally induced osteoarthritis and rescue analgesia with tramadol in a laboratory environment.. <h4>Introduction</h4>This study aimed to identify behavioral changes in three blue-fronted Amazon parrots (<i>Amazona aestiva</i>) subjected to experimental induction of osteoarthritis and subsequent tramadol rescue anal *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*
- PMID 41153875 (2025, Animals : an open access journal from MDPI) — Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease: Global Spread, International Trade, and Conservation Challenges.. Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD) is a highly contagious viral condition caused by <i>Circovirus parrot</i>-commonly known as Beak and Feather Disease Virus (BFDV)-a small, single-stranded DNA virus of the famil *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*
- PMID 42147779 (2026, Animal welfare (South Mimms, England)) — PsittaWel: A welfare assessment tool for companion parrots.. While parrots are popular companion animals, many experience significant welfare challenges, often resulting from not fulfilling their behavioural, environmental, and social needs. *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*
Source text: pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_exotic_avian_nutrition_2026-07-22.txt (Europe PMC first-hand abstracts, pulled 2026-07-22).
License & attribution
Mixed licensing per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3: Open Access (CC BY / CC BY-NC / CC BY-NC-ND) studies are reproduced verbatim with attribution under their specific CC license; non-Open-Access studies are paraphrased as derived fact summaries (numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten). Original records:
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41153875/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41745979/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42147779/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42221949/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42296149/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42339789/