--- license: permission_granted topic_id: companion_breed_health_miniature_bull_terrier_lethal_acrodermatitis_dog category: companion-breed-health title: "Miniature Bull Terrier — Lethal acrodermatitis (hereditary; OMIA-verified breed predisposition)" lang: en source: "OMIA (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals, University of Sydney) breed-specific hereditary-disorder record, saved verbatim to source_file; C1 substring-verified. Pulled 2026-08-02 from local OMIA database dump." source_file: pdf-raw/breed-health/miniature_bull_terrier_lethal_acrodermatitis_4098.txt date_parsed: 2026-08-02 tokens_estimated: 433 verification: method: substring_match claims: 5 passed: 5 date: 2026-08-02 recovered: false path: companion-breed-health/companion_breed_health_miniature_bull_terrier_lethal_acrodermatitis_dog/01_companion_breed_health_miniature_bull_terrier_lethal_acrodermatitis_dog.md source_document: "OMIA — Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (University of Sydney)" citation: authority: "OMIA — Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (University of Sydney)" title: "Miniature Bull Terrier — Lethal acrodermatitis (hereditary; OMIA-verified breed predisposition)" url: "https://omia.org/OMIA002146/9615/" retrieved: "2026-08-02" ref: "OMIA breed-specific hereditary-disorder records (omia.org), derived from local OMIA database dump; dataset: https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70" doc_type: "academic animal-genetics database (breed-specific disorder entries)" needs_review: false
Miniature Bull Terrier — Lethal acrodermatitis (hereditary; OMIA-verified breed predisposition)
Source: first-hand OMIA (University of Sydney) breed-specific hereditary-disorder record, saved verbatim to source_file; every claim below is a C1 byte-substring of it.
Claims
Breed: Miniature Bull Terrier (Dog)Disorder: Lethal acrodermatitisMode of inheritance: Autosomal recessiveClin feat: Affected puppies show characteristic skin lesions on the feet and on the face, diarrhea, bronchopneumonia, and a failure to thrive. The skin lesions consist of erythema and tightly adherent scales, erosions or ulcerations with crusts involving primarily the feet, distal limbs, elbows, hocks, and muzzle. Later on, hyperkeratosis of the footpads and deformation of the nails occur. LAD affected dogs also show a coat color dilution in pigmented skin areas. An abnormally arched hard palate impacted with decayed, malodorous food is a characteristic clinical marker for the disease (Jezyk et al. 1986; McEwan, 1990; McEwan et al. 2000). LAD dogs are immunodeficient with a reduction in serum IgA levels and frequently suffer from skin infections with Malassezia or Candida (McEwan et al. 2001; McEwan et al. 2003). Affected puppies typically die before they reach an age of two years, either due to infections such as bronchopneumonia or because they are euthanized when their paw pad lesions become very severe and painful. They grow slower than their non-affected littermates and at the age of one year have about half the body weight and size of an unaffected dog (McEwan et al. 2000). [This summary was copied from Bauer et al. 2018] Although the clinical signs resemble zinc deficiency, it is not clear at all whether the disease has any relation to zinc metabolism (Bauer et al. 2018). Oral supplementation with zinc or intravenous zinc injections did not improve the condition (Jezyk et al. 1986).Defect: yes
Associated gene(s)
Derived from OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); structured field, not verbatim prose. First-hand values below are verbatim substrings of the topic's pdf-raw/omia/<phene_id>.txt source file.
- Gene: Entrez Gene ID 388303299 (no symbol in OMIA GeneSynonym) — OMIA Phene_Gene
- OMIA molecular-genetics note: Baurer et al. (2018) reported that "Whole genome sequencing of an LAD affected dog revealed a splice region variant in the MKLN1 gene that was not present in 191 control genomes (chr14:5,731,405T>G or MKLN1:c.400+3A>C). This variant showed perfect association in a larger combined Bull Terrier/Miniature Bull Terrier cohort of 46 cases and 294 controls. The variant was absent from 462 genetica…
Evidence (references)
Derived from OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); structured field, not verbatim prose. First-hand values below are verbatim substrings of the topic's pdf-raw/omia/<phene_id>.txt source file.
- 1990. Lethal Acrodermatitis of Bull Terriers. Vet Rec — PubMed:PMID2402865 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 1997. Serum concentrations of zinc and copper in bull terriers with lethal acrodermatitis and tail-chasing behavior. Am J Vet Res — PubMed:PMID9256960 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2007. Analysis of the liver soluble proteome from bull terriers affected with inherited lethal acrodermatitis. Mol Genet Metab — PubMed:PMID17693109 | DOI:10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.07.003 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2003. Immunoglobulin levels in Bull terriers suffering from lethal acrodermatitis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol — PubMed:PMID14592736 | DOI:10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.08.001 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2001. Malassezia and Candida infections in bull terriers with lethal acrodermatitis. J Small Anim Pract — PubMed:PMID11440398 | DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02042.x — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2000. Diagnostic features, confirmation and disease progression in 28 cases of lethal acrodermatitis of bull terriers. J Small Anim Pract — PubMed:PMID11105789 | DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03972.x — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 1999. Canine zinc-responsive dermatosis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract — PubMed:PMID10563006 | DOI:10.1016/s0195-5616(99)50133-2 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 1996. What is your diagnosis? Lethal acrodermatitis of English bull terriers. J Small Anim Pract — PubMed:PMID8981276 | DOI:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1996.tb02331.x — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 1986. Lethal acrodermatitis in bull terriers. J Am Vet Med Assoc — PubMed:PMID3710872 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2018. MKLN1 splicing defect in dogs with lethal acrodermatitis. PLoS Genet — PubMed:PMID29565995 | DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007264 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2022. Genetics of inherited skin disorders in dogs. Vet J — PubMed:PMID34861369 | DOI:10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105782 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2023. Genome sequencing of 2000 canids by the Dog10K consortium advances the understanding of demography, genome function and architecture. Genome Biol — PubMed:PMID37582787 | DOI:10.1186/s13059-023-03023-7 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
Comparative medicine (human OMIM)
Derived from OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); structured field, not verbatim prose. First-hand values below are verbatim substrings of the topic's pdf-raw/omia/<phene_id>.txt source file.
- OMIM:605623 (type: gene) — OMIA Group_OMIM (via OMIA_ID)
verification_derived: method: derived_from_dataset source: "OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); fields Gene/Variant/Article/OMIM" note: "Structured fields (gene, variant rsID/protein change, PubMed/DOI references, OMIM cross-link) extracted from OMIA dump and presented with first-hand values; not verbatim prose."