Cat — Care & Reference Manual

Automated compilation. This manual assembles the 48 verified fact blocks in the Pet Data Station database that mention cat, organized by topic type. Every factual statement is reproduced verbatim from its cited first-hand source — no summarization, no added claim; lines that could not be verified verbatim against the source (display scaffolding, editorial notes) are omitted. Source links point to the original document.

Contents

1. Health & Disease — 1 block(s)
2. Toxicology & Hazards — 5 block(s)
3. Regulations & Legality — 12 block(s)
4. Japan-Specific — 2 block(s)
5. Research Evidence — 28 block(s)

Health & Disease

Health blocks cover common conditions and their investigation status, drawn from regulatory and veterinary references. Presented verbatim. (1 block.)

FDA DCM investigation — Feb 19 2019 CVM update: 300 reports (294 canine/6 feline) through Nov 30 2018; investigation paused by appropriations lapse; 90% grain-free among single-diet cases

Between January 1, 2014, and November 30, 2018, the FDA received 300 reports of DCM (294 canine reports, 6 feline reports)

This update does not include reports received in December and January due to the lapse in appropriations from December 22, 2018, to January 25, 2019.

In cases in which dogs ate a single primary diet (i.e., didn’t eat multiple food products, excluding treats), 90 percent reported feeding a grain-free food.

Source: https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/cvm-updates/fda-provides-update-investigation-potential-connection-between-certain-diets-and-cases-canine-heart

Toxicology & Hazards

Toxicology blocks list substances and hazards to avoid, drawn from veterinary toxicology references. Presented verbatim. (5 blocks.)

Pet acute-toxicity numeric thresholds — onion / garlic (Allium, dogs & cats)

Consumption of as little as 5 g/kg of onions in cats or 15 to 30 g/kg in dogs has resulted in clinically important hematologic changes

Onion toxicosis is consistently noted in animals that ingest more than 0.5% of their b. wt. in onions at one time.

Cats are more susceptible than dogs.

Garlic (Allium sativum) is considered to be less toxic and safe for dogs than onion when used in moderation.

Garlic is toxic also for horses, at a daily dose of >0.2 g/kg causes Heinz body anemia in them

The toxic components in all type of onions, garlic, leeks, shallots, and other plants of the Allium family, are sulfoxides and aliphatic sulfides

Pet toxin — Acetaminophen / Tylenol (cats especially; liver failure, blood abnormalities)

Tylenol, paracetamol, APAP, Percocet, Panadol, Excedrin, Feverall

Acetaminophen Is a popular over-the-counter medication that reduces pain and fever.

It is also present in some prescription pain medications.

Pet owners should be on the lookout for acetaminophen in products labeled for “cold and flu symptoms”, “allergies”, and “fever.” While this drug is safe for human use, it has a narrower margin of safety in dogs and is especially dangerous for cats.

Clinical signs can include gastrointestinal distress, blood abnormalities, and liver failure.

Source: https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/acetaminophen/

Pet toxin — Ibuprofen (NSAID; GI ulceration, kidney impairment, neurological; dogs & cats)

Advil®, Motrin®

Ibuprofen is a human-specific, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); this medication should not be administered to companion animals.

When ingested in toxic amounts, ibuprofen can result in severe clinicals signs including gastrointestinal ulceration (e.g., vomiting and diarrhea with blood), kidney impairment (e.g., inital excessive urination to no urine production), and neurological disorder (depression, coma, death).

Source: https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/ibuprofen/

Pet toxin — Lily (Lilium species; cats — acute kidney failure)

Scientific Name: Lilium species

Family: Liliaceae

Toxicity: Toxic to Cats

Non-Toxicity: Non-Toxic to Dogs, Non-Toxic to Horses

Clinical Signs: Cats: kidney failure.

Source: https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/lily

Pet toxin — Sago Palm / Cycad (Cycasin; liver failure in dogs, cats, horses)

Scientific Name: Cycas revoluta, zamia species

Family: Cycadaceae

Toxicity: Toxic to Dogs, Toxic to Cats, Toxic to Horses

Toxic Principles: Cycasin

Clinical Signs: Vomiting, melena, icterus, increased thirst, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, bruising, coagulopathy, liver damage, liver failure, death.

Source: https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/sago-palm

Regulations & Legality

Regulation blocks quote the legal text of mandatory vaccination statutes. Presented verbatim. (12 blocks.)

Delaware — rabies vaccination required for dogs, cats, and ferrets (3 Del. C. § 8204)

CHAPTER 82. Rabies Control in Animal and Human Populations

Subchapter I. Rabies Control in Animal and Human Populations

§ 8204. Rabies vaccination required for dogs, cats, and ferrets; antirabies clinics.

(a) Vaccination of dogs. — (1) Any person owning a dog 6 months of age or older in this State shall have that dog vaccinated against rabies by a licensed veterinarian, or by a licensed veterinary technician working under the indirect supervision of a licensed veterinarian if the dog is in a shelter and is owned by the shelter;

exemption from vaccination against rabies may be permitted if a licensed veterinarian has examined the animal and based on the veterinarian’s professional judgment, has certified in writing that at the time, vaccination would endanger the animal’s health because of its infirmity, disability, illness, or other medical considerations

Source: https://delcode.delaware.gov/title3/c082/sc01/index.html

EU Travellers' Points of Entry for pet dogs, cats & ferrets from non-EU countries (designated entry locations)

Dogs, cats and ferrets moved for non-commercial purposes into an EU country from a non-EU country or territory other than Andorra, Switzerland, Faroe Islands, Gibraltar, Greenland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Norway, San Marino, and Vatican City State, must enter through the following travellers' points of entry designated by each EU country, where they are subjected to documentary and identity checks by the competent authorities

Other countries with special agreements Switzerland (CH) Norway (NO) United Kingdom (Northern Ireland)

EU commercial movements of pet dogs, cats & ferrets within the EU — Reg (EU) 2020/688, establishment of origin, rabies, tapeworm

"The animal must be at least 12 weeks old on the date the primary vaccine was administered."

"The date of administration of the vaccine must not precede the date of identification or reading of the microchip."

"The period of validity of the vaccination must start no fewer than 21 days from the completion of the vaccination protocol for the primary vaccination, and any subsequent vaccination must have been carried out within the period of validity of the preceding vaccination."

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32020R0688

EU entry requirements for pet dogs, cats & ferrets from a non-EU country (microchip, rabies, antibody titration, tapeworm, AHC)

The pet animal (dog, cat or ferret) must be identified by the implantation of a microchip

The pet animal (dog, cat or ferret) must be vaccinated against rabies by an official or an authorised veterinarian

The period of validity of the vaccination starts not less than 21 days from the completion of the vaccination protocol

The test must measure a level of neutralising antibody to rabies virus in serum equal to or greater than 0,5 IU/ml.

Pet dogs (not pet cats or pet ferrets) must be treated against the parasite Echinococcus multilocularis prior to entering: any EU country listed in Annex XIX

Be administered by a veterinarian within a period of not more than 120 hours and not less than 24 hours before the time of scheduled entry.

The maximum number of pet animals (dogs, cats or ferrets) which may be moved for non-commercial purposes is 5 in a single vehicle

valid for 10 days from the date of issue by the official veterinarian until the date of the documentary and identity checks at the travellers' points of entry designated by each EU country.

EU non-commercial pet travel within the EU (dog/cat/ferret between member states) — microchip, rabies, tapeworm, max 5 animals

"The maximum number of pet animals (dogs, cats or ferrets) which may be moved for non-commercial purposes is 5 in a single vehicle."

"The animal was at least 12 weeks old at the date the vaccine was administered."

"The date of administration of the vaccine does not precede the date of identification or reading of the microchip."

"The period of validity of the vaccination starts not less than 21 days from the completion of the vaccination protocol for the primary vaccination, and any subsequent vaccination was carried out within the period of validity of the preceding vaccination."

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32026R0131

EU young pet animals (dogs/cats/ferrets) rabies vaccination exemptions — Article 9 of Reg (EU) 2026/131, member-state table

EU countries have discretion to determine whether they allow the introduction onto their territory of "young dogs, cats and ferrets"

"young dogs, cats and ferrets", i.e. dogs, cats and ferrets which are: less than 12 weeks old and have not received an anti-rabies vaccination, or between 12 and 16 weeks old and have received an anti-rabies vaccination but are not yet fully protected (i.e. do not met the validity requirements for the anti-rabies vaccination).

Young dogs, cats and ferrets may be moved: Within the EU for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Article 9 of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2026/131

Young dogs, cats and ferrets cannot be moved into the EU from a non-EU country or territory for whatever purposes.

Source: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32026R0131

Florida — rabies vaccination compulsory for dogs, cats, and ferrets (Statute § 828.30)

828.30 Rabies vaccination of dogs, cats, and ferrets.—

(1)(a) All dogs, cats, and ferrets 4 months of age or older must be vaccinated by a licensed veterinarian or a person authorized under paragraph (b) against rabies with a vaccine that is licensed by the United States Department of Agriculture for use in those species.

(c) The owner of every dog, cat, and ferret shall have the animal revaccinated 12 months after the initial vaccination.

(2) A dog, cat, or ferret is exempt from vaccination against rabies if a licensed veterinarian has examined the animal and has certified in writing that at the time vaccination would endanger the animal’s health because of its age, infirmity, disability, illness, or other medical considerations.

Source: https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2024/828.30

Great Britain pet entry requirements for dogs & cats (microchip, rabies 21-day wait, tapeworm window, AHC, quarantine)

They must be microchipped before they get their rabies vaccination.

This will be at least 21 full days after the first vaccination (or the last of the first course of vaccinations).

Your dog must be treated no less than 24 hours before (and no more than 5 days before) you arrive in Great Britain.

Depending on the country you're travelling from, you might also need to get a blood test.

Your pet may be put into quarantine for up to 4 months if you do not follow these rules - or refused entry if you travelled by sea.

You cannot bring a banned breed of dog into Great Britain unless it already has a valid Certificate of Exemption.

New York — rabies vaccination compulsory for all dogs, cats and ferrets (Public Health Law § 2141)

"Public Health (PBH) CHAPTER 45, ARTICLE 21, TITLE 4"

"Every dog, cat and domesticated ferret shall be actively immunized against rabies in accordance with regulations promulgated by the commissioner."

"Every dog, cat and domesticated ferret shall have all initial vaccinations administered no later than four months after birth."

"Every dog, cat and domesticated ferret shall have a second vaccination within one year of the first."

"Subdivision one of this section shall not apply to any feral animal or any dog, cat or domesticated ferret:"

"The owning of a dog, cat or domesticated ferret by any person in violation of subdivision one of this section shall constitute a violation, and shall be subject to a fine not to exceed two hundred dollars for each offense."

Texas — rabies vaccination compulsory for dogs and cats (Health & Safety Code Chapter 826)

"CHAPTER 826. RABIES"

"TITLE 10. HEALTH AND SAFETY OF ANIMALS"

"This chapter may be cited as the Rabies Control Act of 1981."

"Sec. 826.021. VACCINATION OF DOGS AND CATS REQUIRED."

"Except as otherwise provided by department rule, the owner of a dog or cat shall have the animal vaccinated against rabies by the time the animal is four months of age and at regular intervals thereafter as prescribed by department rule."

"A person commits an offense if the person fails or refuses to have each dog or cat owned by the person vaccinated against rabies"

United States — CDC rules for bringing an animal into the U.S. (quarantine/re-export, cats need no rabies proof, NHP not pets, African-rodent ban)

"CDC regulates the importation of animals into the U.S. to prevent the spread of diseases."

"CDC may require imported animals to be quarantined or re-exported, and violators may be fined or imprisoned."

"CDC does not require general certificates of health for pets for entry into the United States. However, health certificates may be required for entry into some states or may be required by airlines."

"Cats are not required to have proof of rabies vaccination for importation into the United States."

"Nonhuman primates (NHP), including monkeys and apes, may only be imported for scientific, exhibition or educational purposes, and may not be imported as pets under any circumstances."

"CDC's ban on importing all African rodents is still in effect."

Virginia — rabies control; local ordinances may require rabies vaccination of dogs and cats (Code § 3.2-6522)

"§ 3.2-6522. Rabid animals."

"The governing body of any locality shall also have the power and authority to pass ordinances restricting the running at large in their respective jurisdiction of dogs and cats that have not been inoculated or vaccinated against rabies and to provide penalties for the violation thereof."

"Any dog or cat for which no proof of current rabies vaccination is available and that may have been exposed to rabies through a bite, or through saliva or central nervous system tissue, in a fresh open wound or mucous membrane, by an animal suspected to be rabid shall be isolated in a public animal shelter, kennel, or enclosure approved by the local health department for a period not to exceed six months at the expense of the owner or custodian in a manner and by a date certain as determined by the local health director."

"A rabies vaccination shall be administered by a licensed veterinarian prior to release."

"When determining whether a dog that has bitten a person shall be so confined, the health director shall weigh any proof that the dog has current certificates for both (i) rabies vaccination and (ii) special training for police work, military work, or work as a first responder."

Japan-Specific

Japan-specific blocks cover this species under Japanese animal-welfare law. Presented verbatim. (2 blocks.)

Japan Animal Welfare Act (動物愛護管理法) — Dog/Cat Take-in (犬及び猫の引取り等)

都道府県、政令指定都市又は中核市は、犬及び猫の引取りを行うとともに、道路、公園、広場、その他の公共の場所において発見された負傷動物等の収容を行います。

Source: https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=348AC1000000105

Japan Animal Welfare Act — Dog/Cat Take-back by Prefectures (第三十五条)

都道府県等（都道府県及び指定都市、地方自治法第二百五十二条の二十二第一項の中核市（以下「中核市」という。）その他政令で定める市（特別区を含む。以下同じ。）をいう。以下同じ。）は、犬又は猫の引取りをその所有者から求められたときは、これを引き取らなければならない。

Source: https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=348AC1000000105

Research Evidence

Evidence blocks are verbatim slices from peer-reviewed literature abstracts (Europe PMC / PubMed) indexed in the database. Presented verbatim. (28 blocks.)

Evidence cluster — dental / oral-health diets in cats (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)

PMID 42071988 (2026, Animals : an open access journal from MDPI) — Advances in Functional Pet Food Research: Health-Driven Ingredients, Nutritional Targets and Evidence-Based Claims.. Functional pet food has grown rapidly, in line with the accelerated humanization of pets, growing attention to relations between diet and health, and mounting sustainability awareness.

PMID 42167025 (2026, International dental journal) — Advances in Nanozyme Engineering for Precision Oral Health Management.. <h4>Introduction and aims</h4>Despite recent advances in dental care, traditional treatments suffer from poor targeting, limited stability, and unsatisfactory regenerative efficacy.

PMID 42209717 (2026, Clinical oral investigations) — Patients' needs, expectations &amp; concerns regarding clear aligner treatment.. <h4>Objective</h4>Patients aiming for clear aligner therapy (CAT) have a distinct expectation regarding their orthodontic treatment.

PMID 42319490 (2026, Cell and tissue research) — Effects of gestational protein restriction on autophagy dynamics during odontogenesis.. Autophagy is a cellular process essential for maintaining homeostasis and supporting development.

PMID 41424657 (2025, Frontiers in oral health) — ORASPORT study protocol: a prospective observational study on the impact of endurance physical activity on oral microbiology and immunology.. The oral cavity offers a non-invasive window into systemic health.

PMID 42031231 (2026, Contemporary clinical trials) — Design of a multicomponent intervention to reduce the risk of exposure to high concentrations of fluoride in children in Huila, Colombia.. <h4>Introduction</h4>Systemic exposure to fluoride represents a significant challenge for global public health.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42071988/

Evidence cluster — dietary management (taurine, sodium) of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)

PMID 41779017 (2026, Epigenetics) — Transient elevation in cellular glucose uptake exacerbates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction... Clinically prior hyperglycemia may lead to long-lasting adverse cardiovascular effects, a process referred to as 'glycemic memory.' Epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation changes, may play a key role in this phenomenon. This study investigated if prior high glucose delivery to cardiomyocytes, led to worsened cardiovascular effects upon pressure overload and to a

PMID 41969281 (2026, Non-coding RNA research) — Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs in cardiovascular diseases: Progress and perspectives... tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) generated via the site-specific enzymatic cleavage of mature or precursor tRNAs. They are ubiquitously expressed across diverse species and are detectable in numerous cell lineages and extracellular fluids like blood and serum. They regulate gene expression at multiple levels and are functionally implicated

PMID 42292690 (2026, American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice) — ACOT1-specific expression modulates metabolic reprogramming in diabetic cardiomyopathy: The role of SREBP1c lactylation in CD36-mediated lipotoxicity... <h4>Objective</h4>Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by metabolic dysfunction and lipotoxicity. The roles of acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 (ACOT1) and the novel post-translational modification lactylation in its pathogenesis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the stage-specific function of ACOT1 and the mechanism by which lactylation of SREBP1c regulates lipi

PMID 42252558 (2026, Journal of cellular and molecular medicine) — Superoxide Dismutase-Centered Modulation by Curcumin in Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Implications... Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, driven in part by dysregulated redox homeostasis and chronic inflammation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a key enzymatic defence against reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a central role in maintaining cardiovascular integrity through regulation of oxidative stress across cytosolic (SOD1),

PMID 41873711 (2026, Cardiovascular research) — METTL14 inhibits atherogenesis by epigenetically activating PPAR-α/γ transcription and fatty acid oxidation in VSMCs... <h4>Aims</h4>N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification can govern cell fate by co- or post-transcriptionally regulating gene expression. VSMCs can undergo phenotypic switching, contributing to other cells within atherosclerotic plaques, including foam cell- and macrophage-like cells. However, the role of VSMC m6A in atherosclerosis development remains unclear. While PPAR-α and

PMID 42278379 (2026, International journal of molecular sciences) — The Pivotal Role of Plant Derivatives and Eicosanoid Signaling Modulation in Counteracting Cardiomiopathy... Eicosanoids and their receptors act as key regulators of inflammation, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and cardiomyocyte survival, thereby contributing to the onset and progression of cardiac dysfunction. This review aims to summarize the evidence to underscore the pivotal role of eicosanoids and their receptors in the pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy, analysing t

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41779017/

Evidence cluster — dietary management of atopic dermatitis in cats (peer-reviewed, PubMed)

PMID 40427306 (2025, Animals : an open access journal from MDPI) — A Randomised-Controlled Study Demonstrates That Diet Can Contribute to the Clinical Management of Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome (FASS)... Feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS) is a common inflammatory and highly pruritic skin condition. It typically manifests according to one or more of four different clinical lesion patterns: miliary dermatitis, self-induced alopecia, head and

PMID 42071988 (2026, Animals : an open access journal from MDPI) — Advances in Functional Pet Food Research: Health-Driven Ingredients, Nutritional Targets and Evidence-Based Claims... Functional pet food has grown rapidly, in line with the accelerated humanization of pets, growing attention to relations between diet and health, and mounting sustainability awareness. The article provides a critical overview of recent

PMID 41976013 (2026, Animals : an open access journal from MDPI) — Plant-Derived Functional Ingredients in Pet Nutrition: Phytochemical Classification, Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Application in Dogs and Cats... This review classifies plant-derived functional ingredients in pet food according to phytochemical groups and application forms, including direct oral supplementation and incorporation into complete diets. Polyphenols and plant extracts

PMID 40170943 (2025, The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne) — Feline atopic syndrome: An insight into its effects on the central nervous system through vestibular disease... A 2-year-old male Abyssinian cat was presented with a left head tilt, lethargy, compulsive walking with a left-circling tendency, medial strabismus, a delayed pupillary light reflex, abdominal papules, and severe pruritus that began at 4

PMID 41471872 (2025, Microorganisms) — Dietary Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Dogs and Cats and Its Role in Disease Management... Food has a massive influence on the gut microbiota and is one of the most useful therapeutic levers in disease. Recent developments have highlighted how macronutrient balance, food format, and functional ingredients can regulate microbial

PMID 40723483 (2025, Animals : an open access journal from MDPI) — Grain-Free Diets for Dogs and Cats: An Updated Review Focusing on Nutritional Effects and Health Considerations... In recent years, grain-free pet food has gained increasing attention due to its widespread promotion as a natural and hypoallergenic diet. This trend has prompted us to conduct an in-depth critical assessment of the nutritional

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40427306/

Evidence cluster — dietary management of cardiac disease in cats (peer-reviewed, PubMed)

PMID 42110576 (2026, Case reports in veterinary medicine) — Dilated Cardiomyopathy Phenotype With Global (Four-Chamber) Involvement in a Cat: Echocardiographic, Pathological, Histopathological, and Immunohistochemical Findings... An 8-year-old castrated male Exotic Shorthair cat was referred due to the onset of abdominal effusion. Echocardiography revealed a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype affecting both ventricles, associated with biatrial dilatation, left atrial

PMID 38141434 (2023, Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology) — Dilated cardiomyopathy of possible dietary origin in a cat... An 11-year-old spayed female domestic shorthaired cat was diagnosed with severe dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and congestive heart failure. The cat had been eating cat foods that were high in pulses (e.g. peas, lentils, chickpeas). Neither

PMID 36803067 (2023, Journal of feline medicine and surgery) — Comparison of echocardiography, biomarkers and taurine concentrations in cats eating high- or low-pulse diets... There are ongoing investigations into diet-associated dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs, but there has been minimal investigation into possible diet-associated dilated cardiomyopathy in cats. The objective of this study was to compare cardiac

PMID 34963075 (2021, Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology) — Dilated cardiomyopathy in cats: survey of veterinary cardiologists and retrospective evaluation of a possible association with diet... The objectives were to conduct a survey of cardiologists on their recent experiences with cats that have dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and to retrospectively review individual cases of feline DCM. Part one: A survey was distributed to

PMID 38084870 (2023, Journal of veterinary internal medicine) — Long-term safety of dietary salt: A 5-year ProspEctive rAndomized bliNded and controlled stUdy in healThy aged cats (PEANUT study)... High-salt diets promote urine dilution and decrease urolithiasis risk. Prospectively evaluate the safety of chronic high dietary salt intake (randomized controlled trial). Twenty research colony neutered, healthy aged cats

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42110576/

Evidence cluster — dietary management of feline inflammatory bowel disease (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)

PMID 42324618 (2026, Gut microbes) — Mapping the metagenomic landscape: combined shotgun sequencing and quantitative PCR to profile gut metagenome-assembled genomes in marmosets following treatment with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail... Broad-spectrum antibiotics are invaluable tools for treating pathogenic infections, but their sustained use can contribute to changes in gut microbiome membership and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. While these unintended side effects are independently well documented, the relationship between them has seldom been investigated. To address this, we quantified the effe

PMID 42286862 (2026, Gut microbes) — Diet and microbiome shape small-molecule cytokinin pools in mammals... Cytokinins (CKs) are adenine-derived metabolites traditionally characterized as plant hormones, yet their origin, distribution, and functions in mammalian systems remain largely undefined. Using integrated metabolomics, microbiome, and metagenomics approaches, we provide a systematic characterization of CK occurrence and potential sources in mammals. Serum profiling across five

PMID 42152463 (2026, Gut microbes) — &lt;i&gt;Limosilactobacillus reuteri&lt;/i&gt; promotes melatonin release from human intestinal organoids via 5'ectonucleotidase activity... Strains of <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i> have been used to prevent or treat various conditions; however, the mechanisms by which they exert beneficial effects are not completely understood. Infant colic is one example in which <i>L. reuteri</i> DSM 17938 reduces clinical symptoms. While the etiology of colic is unknown, abnormal melatonin levels in infants have been sugges

PMID 42026762 (2026, Gut microbes) — Microbial metabolite Enterobactin impairs mitochondrial respiration and alleviates colitis... <h4>Background and aims</h4>Host-microbe interactions critically shape cellular metabolism and immune responses. The bacterial siderophore enterobactin (Ent) is known for pilfering iron from the host, but recent evidence suggests that it may also deliver iron to host mitochondria. Its impact on mitochondrial respiration, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we assess the i

PMID 41949064 (2026, Gut microbes) — The JNK2-microbiome axis modulates gut barrier integrity through microbial acetate... <h4>Background</h4>Weaning involves a nutritional shift from fat-rich milk to carbohydrate-based solid food, reshaping metabolism, microbiota, and gut immune tolerance. While dairy remains a component of the human diet beyond weaning, the impact of continued milk supplementation on gut epithelial homeostasis remains poorly understood.<h4>Result</h4>Here, using a mouse model, we

PMID 41904604 (2026, Gut microbes) — Identification and characterization of a lipopolysaccharide binding, anti-inflammatory protein from &lt;i&gt;Parabacteroides distasonis&lt;/i&gt;... Gut bacteria are well known to impact a diverse array of acute and chronic diseases. One mechanism by which gut bacteria can impact health is by modulating inflammation. We and others previously found that membrane components of the gram-negative bacterium <i>Parabacteroides distasonis</i> (Pd) can suppress proinflammatory signaling <i>in vitro</i> and reduce intestinal inflamm

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42324618/

Evidence cluster — dietary management of skin and coat health in cats (peer-reviewed, PubMed)

PMID 41976013 (2026, Animals : an open access journal from MDPI) — Plant-Derived Functional Ingredients in Pet Nutrition: Phytochemical Classification, Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Application in Dogs and Cats.. This review classifies plant-derived functional ingredients in pet food according to phytochemical groups and application forms, including direct oral supplementation and incorporation into complete diets. Polyphenols and plant extracts exert prominent antioxidant (singular), anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and microbiome-regulating effects. Microalgae and omega-3 sources support lipid metabo

PMID 42293538 (2026, Frontiers in microbiology) — Dietary supplementation with postbiotics from &lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium animalis&lt;/i&gt; safely enhances multifunctional health in adult beagle dogs.. <h4>Introduction</h4>Postbiotics are potential functional feed additives, but their effects on multiple health parameters in dogs remain largely unexplored.<h4>Methods</h4>This study evaluated postbiotics from <i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> in adult beagle dogs fed a basal diet supplemented with 0% (CONT), 0.05% (LDP), or 0.1% (HDP) postbiotics for 42 days.<h4>Results</h4>No differences were obse

PMID 41150104 (2025, Veterinary sciences) — Nutraceuticals, Social Interaction, and Psychophysiological Influence on Pet Health and Well-Being: Focus on Dogs and Cats.. Pet humanization, particularly in dogs and cats, has transformed animal healthcare and highlighted the importance of nutrition in promoting human-pet social interaction, pet psychophysical well-being and, possibly, longevity. Nutraceuticals, such as omega-3 fatty acids, prebiotics, probiotics, plant extracts and dietary supplements, are endowed with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatin

PMID 42022391 (2026, Frontiers in veterinary science) — From pathogenesis to prevention: an update on the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities in cats.. Overweight and obesity represent the most common nutritional disorder in domestic cats and constitute a significant global health issue. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge on the determinants, diagnosis, pathophysiology, complications, and comprehensive management of feline obesity. Feline overweight and obesity have a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis, arising from an interplay

PMID 42216074 (2026, Journal of animal science and biotechnology) — Dietary baicalin supplementation enhances growth performance in fattening Hu sheep via dual modulation of immunity and gastrointestinal microbiome-metabolic crosstalk.. <h4>Background</h4>Baicalin is a bioactive flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory and antibacterial properties. However, its bitter taste and susceptibility to ruminal degradation limit its practical use in mammals. Enteric coating technology might overcome these limitations by enabling targeted intestinal release. This study investigated effects of dieta

PMID 40589727 (2025, Frontiers in veterinary science) — The effect of Japanese eel as a main ingredient on hair condition, antioxidant ability, apparent total tract digestibility and body weight gain in cat food.. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Japanese eel (<i>Anguilla japonica</i>) as a primary ingredient in cat food on hair condition, antioxidant capacity, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), and body weight gain in adult cats. Twenty-four healthy adult cats were assigned divided into three dietary groups: a 0% eel group (C), a 14% eel group (T1), and a 40% eel group (T2). Over a 56-day

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41976013/

Evidence cluster — dietary management of uroliths in cats (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC + PubMed)

PMID 41950383 — Revisiting feline urinary tract health: the role of diet and acidifying agents in urolith prevention and long-term cat health (J Anim Sci, 2026). Abstract (opening): Urinary tract diseases are a common concern in domestic cats and a leading cause of veterinary visits. Urolithiasis is a major contributor to discomfort, clinical signs, and secondary complications, negatively impacting feline health and welfare.

PMID 41965667 — Aerococcus mictus as a cause of feline urinary tract infection: a case report (BMC Vet Res, 2026). Abstract (opening): BACKGROUND: Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a noteworthy cause of lower urinary tract disease both in humans and companion animals, especially in patients with systemic comorbidities or underlying anatomical or functional urinary tract abnormalities. Aerococcus species are increasingly recognised as opportunistic uropathogens in human medicine;

PMID 41641807 — The hitchhiker's guide to feline xanthinuria (J Feline Med Surg, 2026). Abstract (opening): Feline xanthinuria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of purine metabolism due to genetic mutations in the xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) gene. It is characterised by excessive excretion and accumulation of xanthine in the urine, which can lead to the formation of xanthine uroliths.

PMID 40243255 — Cystoscopy-assisted urolith retrieval via a perineal urethrostomy stoma in male cats (J Feline Med Surg, 2025). Abstract (opening): ObjectivesWe sought to characterize cystoscopy-assisted urolith retrieval via a perineal urethrostomy stoma (CUPU) initially in a cadaveric model and then in clinical cases. We hypothesized that a CUPU would provide a reasonable alternative to the traditional approach of performing a cystotomy after perineal urethrostomy in male cats with complex or recurrent urolithiasis-associated urethral obstruction (UO).MethodsA perineal urethrostomy (PU) was performed in 20 male cat cadavers.

PMID 40859964 — Lower urinary tract obstruction secondary to <i>Corynebacterium urealyticum</i>-associated struvite urolithiasis in a female cat (JFMS Open Rep, 2025). Abstract (opening): CASE SUMMARY: A 10-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat presented with stranguria. The cat was bradycardic and had a firm urinary bladder on physical examination.

PMID 42157750 — Serum and Urine Nerve Growth Factor and Glycosaminoglycan Levels in Obstructive and Non-Obstructive Feline Urolithiasis and Interstitial Cystitis (Vet Med Sci, 2026). Abstract (opening): BACKGROUND: Feline interstitial cystitis (FIC) results from complex interactions between the urinary bladder, nervous system, adrenal glands and the cat's living environment. Following FIC, urolithiasis is the second most common cause of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD), often producing clinical signs that mimic those of obstructive FIC.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41950383/

Evidence cluster — dietary support in feline asthma and airway disease (peer-reviewed, PubMed)

PMID 41738766 (2026, Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.)) — Isoflavone Intake is Associated With Decreased Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Morbidity.. <h4>Introduction</h4>Isoflavones, phenolic compounds in legumes and soy products, are linked to reduced risk of chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease. However, effects on respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are understudied.<h4>Methods</h4>Former smokers with COPD were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Morbidity was assessed at baseline, 3, and 6

PMID 42242849 (2026, Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition) — Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and lung function in exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The mediating role of inflammatory indicators.. <h4>Background and objectives</h4>Background and Objectives: This study explored the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and lung function in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), and the potential mediating role of blood inflammatory markers.<h4>Methods and study design</h4>In this cross-sectional study of 507 patients with AECOPD

PMID 41807106 (2026, American journal of men's health) — Exploring the Relationship Between Diaphragmatic Ultrasound Parameters and Lipid Mediators in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case Control Study.. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive inflammatory disorder characterized by irreversible airflow limitation and respiratory muscle dysfunction. Bioactive lipid mediators such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) play critical roles in regulating inflammation, yet their relationship with diaphragmatic performance in COPD remains po

PMID 41634557 (2026, BMC microbiology) — Effects of dietary fiber on the gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, and inflammatory factors in Xinjiang black pigs.. BACKGROUND: Alfalfa meal is rich in insoluble dietary fiber and bioactive compounds, which undergo fermentation in the hindgut of pigs. Its metabolites are closely associated with intestinal barrier function and immune responses. In this study, we investigated the effects of varying dietary fiber levels on the gut microbiota, Gut metabolites, the intestinal barrier, and inflammatory cytokines in X

PMID 41353362 (2025, Nutrition journal) — Therapeutic nutrition strategies for the shared pathophysiology of obesity and sleep-disordered breathings.. Sleep-disordered breathings (SDBs) represent both a significant complication and exacerbating factor of obesity, creating a bidirectional relationship that worsens insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. The interplay between obesity and SDBs involves complex multisystem pathophysiology encompassing upper airway obstruction, metabolic dysregulation, HPA axis disturbances, intermittent hypoxi

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41738766/

Evidence cluster — dietary support of lymphoma in cats (peer-reviewed, PubMed)

PMID 40046187 (2025, Frontiers in veterinary science) — Connection between nutrition and oncology in dogs and cats: perspectives, evidence, and implications-a comprehensive review... Oncology has become one of the most influential and studied areas in both human and companion animal health. In veterinary practice, cancer represents a significant challenge, especially concerning cats and dogs. Nutrition plays a crucial

PMID 39074116 (2024, PloS one) — Evaluation of the fatty acid-based erythrocyte membrane lipidome in cats with food responsive enteropathy, inflammatory bowel disease and low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma... Feline chronic enteropathies (FCE), include food-responsive-enteropathy (FRE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma (LGITL), and are common causes of chronic gastrointestinal signs in cats.

PMID 38124157 (2023, BMC veterinary research) — Faecal microbiota and fatty acids in feline chronic enteropathy... Feline chronic enteropathy is a set of disorders defined as the presence of clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease for at least three weeks. The most common final diagnoses are inflammatory bowel disease and alimentary small cell

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40046187/

Evidence cluster — elimination-diet diagnosis and management of feline food allergy (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)

PMID 41793777 (2026, Annals of medicine) — Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges... <h4>Introduction</h4>Algae-derived bioactive peptides are gaining recognition as functional ingredients offering health benefits and sustainability advantages over conventional proteins. This review aimed to evaluate the current evidence on algal peptides, focusing on their nutritional content, mechanistic actions, health effects, potential for sustainability, and translational

PMID 41560554 (2026, Virulence) — Exogenous indole promotes florfenicol tolerance in &lt;i&gt;Edwardsiella tarda&lt;/i&gt;... Bacterial metabolism is important for antibiotic resistance and tolerance. However, the impact of indole on bacterial metabolism and antibiotic efficacy has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect and specific mechanism of exogenous indole on the antibiotic susceptibility of <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i>, a common pathogen in freshwater and marine fish

PMID 42273361 (2026, Journal of human immunity) — A homozygous CTLA-4 variant causes CTLA-4 deficiency with severe immune dysregulation... CTLA-4 is a critical immune checkpoint that maintains self-tolerance by regulating immune activation. Here, we describe the first case of homozygous CTLA-4 deficiency (<i>CTLA4</i> ^{<i>S172P/S172P</i>} ), presenting with early-onset autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, and growth failure. Immunological profiling revealed profound T- and B-cell dysregulation, characterize

PMID 42221963 (2026, JFMS open reports) — Menrath ulcer resulting in life-threatening anaemia in a cat... <h4>Case summary</h4>An 11-year-old domestic shorthair cat presented for evaluation of severe oral haemorrhage. The patient had documented flea infestation and a history of marked pruritus preceding the onset of bleeding. Clinical examination identified a solitary lesion on the rostral hard palate as the only apparent source of haemorrhage. Histopathological analysis of the les

PMID 42345845 (2026, Clocks & sleep) — Short- and Long-Term Chrono-Immune Consequences of Dim Light at Night Exposure in Male Mice at Different Life Stages... The current use of artificial light during the natural dark phase has acquired contaminant dimensions, known as "light pollution". It is well known that exposure to dim light at night (dLAN) during the postnatal period severely impairs the immune system and related organs, but few reports have demonstrated the effects of dLAN during the fetal period. This study, therefore, exam

PMID 42337243 (2026, Nature communications) — Saccharomycetes and Malassezia fungi associate with early-life gut maturation and allergic disease risk in childhood... While early-life gut bacterial microbiota maturation has been well studied and linked to childhood disease, the development of the gut mycobiome remains poorly understood. Few studies have defined fungal succession in infancy, and even fewer have integrated fungal and bacterial maturation, allowing interkingdom analysis within the same individuals. In this study, we analyzed a

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41793777/

Evidence cluster — feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS): management & treatment (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)

PMID 42249348 — Background Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a debilitating inflammatory condition characterized by severe caudal oral mucosal inflammation and frequently necessitates extensive dental extractions.

PMID 42375508 — Introduction Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a painful chronic disease with limited treatment options, especially in severe cases.

PMID 42091972 — Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a debilitating oral disease characterized by immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation.

PMID 42326482 — Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is characterized by persistent oral inflammation, leading to severe pain, hyporexia, weight loss, and reduced well-being.

PMID 41757710 — ObjectivesThe study primarily evaluated the long-term safety of intravenous, allogeneic uterine-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UMSCs) for client-owned cats affected with refractory feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS).

PMID 42076735 — Background Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is refractory stomatitis in cats.

PMID 42249348 (2026, BMC veterinary research) — Unilateral partial-mouth extraction achieves complete clinical remission in cats with unilateral caudal feline chronic gingivostomatitis: a case series.

PMID 42375508 (2026, Frontiers in veterinary science) — Evaluating the safety and efficacy of equine peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in feline chronic gingivostomatitis.

PMID 42091972 (2026, Scientific reports) — Transcriptomic evidence of CD8⁺ T-cell exhaustion-like phenotype and mitochondrial impairment underlying immune dysregulation in feline chronic gingivostomatitis.

PMID 42326482 (2026, Brazilian journal of veterinary medicine) — Comparison of simple and rapid collection methods for measuring salivary IL-6 and PGE₂ in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis: a pilot study.

PMID 41757710 (2026, Journal of feline medicine and surgery) — Long-term field safety study evaluating allogeneic, uterine-derived mesenchymal stem cells for refractory feline chronic gingivostomatitis.

PMID 42076735 (2026, Veterinary sciences) — Combination Therapeutic Effect of Antibacterial and Antiviral Agents on Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis Nonbounded to Prior Tooth Extraction Confirmed by Physical Signs and Clinical Biomarkers.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42249348/

Evidence cluster — feline constipation & hairball management via diet (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC + PubMed)

PMID 42254911 — Can cultivated hamster cells compete with chicken meat? Insights on acceptance and digestibility in domestic cats (Front Vet Sci, 2026). Abstract (opening): In response to the challenges posed by a growing human and pet population and the climate crisis, novel ingredients such as cultivated meat have emerged as promising solutions to address concerns related to sustainability, ethics and food security. However, data on its nutritional performance and suitability for use in animal nutrition remain limited.

PMID 41631677 — A psyllium-supplemented gastrointestinal diet is effective for the management of chronic constipation in cats: a 6-month controlled clinical trial (J Feline Med Surg, 2026). Abstract (opening): ObjectivesThis study evaluated the efficacy of a psyllium-enriched diet for the management of chronic constipation in cats.MethodsA multicentre, controlled, blinded, 6-month trial randomly assigned client-owned cats to a gastrointestinal test diet containing 6% psyllium or similar control diet containing 0.5% psyllium (as-fed values). Inclusion criteria included two or more constipation episodes in the previous 6 months and two or more constipation signs for 14 days or longer.

PMID 42072044 — X-Linked Muscular Dystrophy in a Cat with a Putative Variant in the <i>DMD</i> Gene (Animals (Basel), 2026). Abstract (opening): X-linked dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy (DD-MD) is an uncommon neuromuscular disorder in cats. We described an adult male cat with chronic tongue protrusion, dysphagia, muscle hypertrophy, and a history of rhabdomyolysis associated with anesthesia.

PMID 40678920 — Quantification of defecation frequency in cats with and without chronic kidney disease (J Feline Med Surg, 2025). Abstract (opening): ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to objectively measure defecation frequency in cats with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cats with CKD are at higher risk for presenting with constipation.

PMID 42121775 — A Tolerance Study of Turmeric Extract in Healthy Adult Cats (Animals (Basel), 2026). Abstract (opening): Turmeric has a long history of use as a colorant and flavoring agent. Turmeric extract (TE) is a feed additive containing at least 90% total curcuminoids, comprising mainly curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42254911/

Evidence cluster — feline hepatic lipidosis nutritional management (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC + PubMed)

PMID 42283012 — Multi-target synergistic mechanisms of flavonoid compounds from traditional Chinese medicine in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: insights for human and veterinary medicine (Front Vet Sci, 2026). Abstract (opening): INTRODUCTION: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disorder characterized by dysregulated hepatic lipid metabolism, with a continuously rising global incidence and limited safe and effective therapeutic options. Importantly, NAFLD-like conditions, namely hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome, also prevail in veterinary clinical practice, affecting companion animals (obese cats and dogs) and livestock (periparturient dairy cows, fattening pigs, and broiler chickens).

PMID 42188883 — Evaluation of Serum Homocysteine and High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponins in Cats with Hepatic Lipidosis: An Observational Clinical Study (Vet Sci, 2026). Abstract (opening): Feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL) is a life-threatening, common hepatobiliary disease characterized by massive triglyceride accumulation in the liver, often triggered by anorexia and negative energy balance in cats. This condition causes severe metabolic stress that may secondarily impact myocardial integrity.

PMID 42188039 — Lipidomic Signatures in Feline Disease: A PRISMA-Guided Systematic Review (Metabolites, 2026). Abstract (opening): enabling comprehensive characterisation of lipid species and their roles in health and disease. As regulators of membrane architecture, energy balance, inflammation, and cellular signalling, lipids offer a powerful framework for understanding metabolic dysfunction.

PMID 42022391 — From pathogenesis to prevention: an update on the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities in cats (Front Vet Sci, 2026). Abstract (opening): Overweight and obesity represent the most common nutritional disorder in domestic cats and constitute a significant global health issue. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge on the determinants, diagnosis, pathophysiology, complications, and comprehensive management of feline obesity.

PMID 41448592 — Effect of Parenteral Amino Acid Composition on Hyperammonemia in a Cat with Hepatic Lipidosis (J Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 2026). Abstract (opening): An 8 yr old spayed female domestic shorthair presented with a 1 wk history of anorexia and lethargy. Cytological examination of the liver using fine-needle aspiration revealed numerous adipocytes, confirming hepatic lipidosis.

PMID 41742558 — Preliminary metabolic characterization of hepatic lipidosis in cats using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: pathway insights and candidate biomarkers (J Vet Intern Med, 2026). Abstract (opening): BACKGROUND: Feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL) lacks well-defined metabolic biomarkers and mechanistic understanding. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Clarify the metabolic biomarkers and mechanisms of FHL.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42283012/

Evidence cluster — feline hyperthyroidism: management with radioiodine, methimazole & surgery (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)

PMID 41472095 — Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in elderly cats, often leading to concurrent cardiac abnormalities.

PMID 41566222 — ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to report changes in serum creatinine and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations after treatment of feline hyperthyroidism with anti thyroid medications and to compare these biomarkers at baseline between cats that were and were not azotaemic after treatment.MethodsIn this retrospective study, hyperthyroid cats that were euthyroid (total thyroxine [TT4] concentration 7-40 nmol/l) at 1 month (T1) and/or 2-9 months (T2) after treatment were identified and grouped by renal status defined by serum creatinine concentrations.

PMID 41600691 — Companion animal endocrinology has benefited from international standardisation of disease terminology for diabetes mellitus, Cushing's syndrome, and hypoadrenocorticism through Project Agreeing Language in Veterinary Endocrinology (ALIVE).

PMID 41472144 — An 8-year-old castrated male Pomeranian with a non-resectable functional thyroid carcinoma and concurrent myxomatous mitral valve disease was referred for radioactive-iodine therapy.

PMID 42359893 — Objectives To determine the frequency and clinical significance of discordant serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and creatinine concentrations relative to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in mature and senior hyperthyroid cats treated with radioactive iodine (RAI).

PMID 39724773 — Objective Many hyperthyroid cats (15% to 50%) have concurrent chronic kidney disease (CKD) that is "masked" and will not become azotemic until after treatment.

PMID 41472095 (2025, Veterinary sciences) — Cardiac Abnormalities in Feline Hyperthyroidism.

PMID 41566222 (2026, Journal of feline medicine and surgery) — Changes in serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations after treatment of feline hyperthyroidism with antithyroid medications.

PMID 41600691 (2026, Veterinary sciences) — Agreeing Language in Veterinary Endocrinology (ALIVE): Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, (Euglycaemic) Diabetic Ketosis/Ketoacidosis, and Diabetic Remission-A Modified Delphi-Method-Based System to Create Consensus Definitions.

PMID 41472144 (2025, Veterinary sciences) — Successful Long-Term Survival Following Thyroid Storm Induced by Radioactive Iodine Therapy in a Dog with Thyroid Carcinoma.

PMID 42359893 (2026, Journal of feline medicine and surgery) — EXPRESS: Longitudinal evaluation of discordant symmetric dimethylarginine and creatinine as markers of glomerular filtration rate in radioiodine-treated hyperthyroid cats.

PMID 39724773 (2025, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association) — Hyperthyroid cats that develop azotemia following successful radioiodine treatment have shorter survival times compared to cats that remain nonazotemic.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41472095/

Evidence cluster — feline obesity & weight management (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)

PMID 42022391 (2026, Frontiers in veterinary science) — From pathogenesis to prevention: an update on the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities in cats.. Overweight and obesity represent the most common nutritional disorder in domestic cats and constitute a significant global health issue.

PMID 41929271 (2026, Frontiers in veterinary science) — Feline obesity is associated with stronger owner attachment, while indoor confinement increases risk of obesity at an early age in domestic shorthaired cats.. Knowledge of risk factors for overweight and obesity is important for making preventative strategies for feline obesity.

PMID 42288060 (2026, Research in veterinary science) — Prevalence of POMC allele associated with obesity in feline population in Vietnam.. Feline obesity is an increasingly important health problem influenced by both genetic predisposition and husbandry practices.

PMID 42188905 (2026, Veterinary sciences) — Multi-Omics Analyses of the Gut Microbiota and Metabolism in Cats with Different Body Conditions and the Effects of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.. Obesity is increasingly recognized in domestic cats and is associated with metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.

PMID 41499425 (2026, PloS one) — Household survey on prevalence and risk factors for obesity in owned cats from Central Brazil.. Few studies have conducted the prevalence of obesity in cat populations and the associated risk factors by assessing cats in their homes, regardless of whether they had visited a veterinary hospital.

PMID 42463058 (2026, The Journal of nutrition) — Serum metabolomics reveals impaired fatty acid oxidation and elevated one-carbon demand in cats fed a low-protein diet compared to a low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet.. <h4>Background</h4>Feline obesity remains a major metabolic health concern, yet the mechanistic effects of controlled macronutrient substitution on feline metabolism is poorly defined.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42022391/

Evidence cluster — feline pancreatitis nutritional / enteral feeding support (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC + PubMed)

PMID 41017078 — Progression of lipase activity and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in clinically healthy cats and cats with diet-responsive enteropathy (J Feline Med Surg, 2025). Abstract (opening): ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to describe the course of lipase activity, pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) and clinical findings over time in cats.MethodsFour clinically healthy cats and two diarrhoeic cats from a research colony aged 2-8 years with normal haematology and serum biochemistry results were followed up with lipase measurements over a total of 12 months in this descriptive study. Lipase activity (LIPCRoche;

PMID 42256055 — Acute vitamin D toxicosis in an adult cat (JFMS Open Rep, 2026). Abstract (opening): CASE SUMMARY: A 4-year-old, female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented to the Michigan State University emergency service for evaluation of vomiting 4 days after exposure to vitamin D supplements. On intake, the patient was found to have ionized hypercalcemia and azotemia.

PMID 41369075 — Guidelines for nutritional management of feline diabetes mellitus: a proposed classification system integrating medical considerations (J Feline Med Surg, 2026). Abstract (opening): The management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cats can benefit from an integration of medical and nutritional strategies, based on an understanding of the dynamic nature of the disease, together with an appreciation of the interrelationships between nutritional status and clinical status. In this context, a new classification system for feline DM is proposed, comprising three clinical status categories: those at risk of developing DM, those with clinical DM and those in diabetic remission.

PMID 42071970 — Overweight and Obesity in Dogs and Cats: An Exploration of Animal Welfare and Behaviour Impacts, and Recommendations for Management in Veterinary Primary Care (Animals (Basel), 2026). Abstract (opening): Overweight and obesity are prevalent among companion dogs and cats in the Western world. Affected animals are at risk of comorbidities and reduced longevity.

PMID 41992442 — Gastrointestinal microbiota and fecal fatty acids of cats with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (J Feline Med Surg, 2026). Abstract (opening): ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to identify differences in fecal analytes (ie, microbiota, fatty acids [FAs]) in cats with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) compared with healthy controls, and describe clinical signs at baseline and short-term follow-up.MethodsA cross-sectional, observational study was conducted of 55 client-owned cats with EPI and 37 healthy client-owned blood donor control cats. Eligible cases had a feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) consistent with EPI.

PMID 42213695 — Effect of dietary Ca:P ratio on ionized calcium and calcium homeostasis in cats with early-stage chronic kidney disease (PLoS One, 2026). Abstract (opening): The aim of the study was to compare two renal foods with different Ca:P ratios on manifestation of hypercalcemia and regulation of calcium homeostasis in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nine cats (11.0 ± 2.0 y) with naturally-occurring IRIS Stage I or II CKD were fed a senior wellness food for 28-days, then randomized into two groups and fed either a food providing 1.8 g/Mcal Ca, 1.3 g/Mcal P, and Ca:P ratio of 1.4:1 (MOD-Ca:P), or a food providing 2.4 g/Mcal Ca, 1.3 g/Mcal P, and Ca:P ratio of 1.8:1 (HIGH-Ca:P) for 56 days.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41017078/

Evidence cluster — hyperlipidemia / lipid disorder dietary management in dogs (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)

PMID 42201424 — Pilot study of the use of ezetimibe in dogs with hyperlipidemia (Veterinary research communications, 2026). Abstract (opening): The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of ezetimibe in reducing cholesterol and/or triglycerides in dogs with hyperlipidemia. Twenty-three dogs with hyperlipidemia were randomly distributed into three groups: group D (n = 7) received low-fat dietary treatment, group E (n = 9) received ezetimibe treatment, and group DE (n = 7) received low-fat dietary treatment associated with ezetimibe.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42201424/

Evidence cluster — nutrition & cognitive dysfunction syndrome in cats (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC + PubMed)

PMID 36504872 — Age-related brain atrophy in cats without apparent neurological and behavioral signs using voxel-based morphometry (Front Vet Sci, 2022). Abstract (opening): INTRODUCTION: Brain atrophy is observed with aging and may cause cognitive decline or dysfunction. Aging cats may demonstrate behavioral changes related to cognitive dysfunction.

PMID 40078212 — A non-randomized pilot study to test the feasibility of developing a frailty scale for pet cats (Front Vet Sci, 2025). Abstract (opening): INTRODUCTION: Human frailty has long been studied and dozens of "frailty scales" have been developed, but equivalent research is more limited in cats. This pilot study aimed to determine the feasibility of recruiting and retaining veterinary practices and owners, collecting study data, and analyzing results about frailty in older cats.

PMID 34167339 — 2021 AAFP Feline Senior Care Guidelines (J Feline Med Surg, 2021). Abstract (opening): The '2021 AAFP Feline Senior Care Guidelines' are authored by a Task Force of experts in feline clinical medicine and serve as an update and extension of those published in 2009. They emphasize the individual patient evaluation and the process of aging, with references to other feline practice guidelines for a more complete discussion of specific diseases.

PMID 27370393 — Evaluating aging in cats: How to determine what is healthy and what is disease (J Feline Med Surg, 2016). Abstract (opening): PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Many of the changes that occur with aging are not considered pathologic and do not negatively affect overall wellness or quality of life. Ruling out disease is essential, however, when attempting to determine whether an aged cat can be considered 'healthy'.

PMID 27370392 — Aging in cats: Common physical and functional changes (J Feline Med Surg, 2016). Abstract (opening): PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Aged pets comprise a significant proportion of the small animal veterinarian's patient population; in the USA, for example, it was estimated that over 20% of pet cats were 11 years of age or older in 2011.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36504872/

Evidence cluster — nutrition in feline cancer / neoplasia (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC + PubMed)

PMID 41775677 — Ultrasonographic features of feline renal neoplasia: a retrospective study on 187 cases (J Feline Med Surg, 2026). Abstract (opening): ObjectivesUltrasonography plays a crucial role in diagnosing feline renal diseases, including neoplasia. The aims of this study were to describe ultrasonographic features of renal neoplasia in cats and to investigate potential differences between tumor types.MethodsIn this multicenter retrospective study, ultrasonographic images of feline kidneys with cytologically/histologically confirmed renal neoplasia were reviewed.

PMID 41751480 — Feline Alimentary Lymphomas: Established Concepts and an Underexplored Molecular Landscape (Curr Issues Mol Biol, 2026). Abstract (opening): Domestic cats are among the most popular companion animals worldwide, with steadily increasing ownership and life expectancy. Paradoxically, despite their high prevalence and shared environmental exposures with humans, cats remain markedly underrepresented in molecular oncology research.

PMID 41527158 — Diagnosis of pyogranulomatous and neutrophilic lymphadenitis in 72 cats presenting to a referral hospital: with a focus on nine cats with steroid-responsive lymphadenitis (J Feline Med Surg, 2026). Abstract (opening): ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to review diagnoses and infectious disease testing of cats with neutrophilic or pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis, and describe the history, clinicopathological abnormalities, diagnostic imaging findings, lymph node cytological/histological appearance, treatment response and outcome of steroid-responsive lymphadenitis in cats.MethodsThe medical records of 72 cats documented to have pyogranulomatous, neutrophilic or mixed lymphadenitis between January 2015 and December 2023 at a single referral hospital were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsFeline infectious peritonitis (25/72, 35%) was the most common cause of lymphadenitis and frequently pyogranulomatous. Neoplasia (11/72, 15%) was the overall next most common cause and the most common cause of neutrophilic lymphadenitis.

PMID 41689038 — Spinal extradural meningioma mimicking lumbar disc herniation in a cat: a case report (BMC Vet Res, 2026). Abstract (opening): BACKGROUND: Neoplasia affecting the feline spinal column is an uncommon clinical occurrence, with the most frequently documented types being lymphosarcoma, osteosarcoma, glial tumors, and meningioma. This report describes the first case of an extradural meningioma affecting the lumbar spinal cord of a cat.

PMID 41572251 — Obstructive colonic FGESF associated with feline infectious peritonitis in a cat: a case report (BMC Vet Res, 2026). Abstract (opening): BACKGROUND: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a severe immune-mediated disease that develops in a small proportion of cats infected with feline coronavirus (FCoV). Clinical manifestations are variable and most commonly involve systemic inflammatory disease with or without effusion.

PMID 41856840 — Navigating the Diagnostic Continuum: Feline Lymphoplasmacytic Enteritis and Low-Grade Intestinal T-cell Lymphoma (Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 2026). Abstract (opening): This article discusses the importance of accurately diagnosing feline gastrointestinal diseases, particularly differentiating inflammatory bowel disease from alimentary lymphoma. It emphasizes that precise diagnosis impacts treatment decisions, prognosis, and research.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41775677/

Evidence cluster — nutrition of pregnant and lactating queen cats (peer-reviewed, PubMed)

PMID 42063948 (2026, Frontiers in nutrition) — Nutritional and phytogenic modulation of caprine physiology: a systematic review of &lt;i&gt;Moringa oleifera&lt;/i&gt; effects on metabolism, reproductive function, and lactation performance.. <h4>Introduction</h4><i>Moringa oleifera</i> (<i>M. oleifera</i>) is highlighted as a diverse-purpose feed in the nutrition of small ruminants. This is a systematic review that compared its effects on goats based on a predetermined PICO model (Population: goats in different physiological phases; Intervention: dietary <i>M. oleifera</i> in the forms of leaf meal, extract, or silage; Comparison: no

PMID 42281769 (2026, Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui)) — Dietary fiber supplementation during late gestation affects steroidogenesis, antioxidant capacity, gut microbiota and placental metabolomics of Rongchang sows.. Oxidative stress can impair placental function and sow health. This experiment aimed to explore the impacts of inulin and cellulose as sources of dietary fiber (DF) on reproductive performance, steroidogenesis, antioxidant capacity, placental metabolomics, and fecal microbiota of Rongchang sows from d 85 of gestation to parturition. Sixty sows (parity: 5.07 ± 0.24, backfat thickness: 43.06 ± 0.78

PMID 42402324 (2026, Experimental cell research) — Early-life cardiovascular programming by maternal protein restriction: Electrophysiological, structural, and molecular alterations in female rats.. Maternal malnutrition is a major risk factor for adverse health outcomes in offspring, including cardiovascular disorders. According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept, adverse conditions during critical developmental windows can induce long-lasting physiological adaptations that increase disease susceptibility later in life. Among the experimental models used to in

PMID 41689060 (2026, BMC veterinary research) — Effects of L-selenomethionine supplementation on nutrient digestibility and metabolism, antioxidant capacity, hormone levels, and fecal microbiota diversity in pregnant Yili mares during mid- to late gestation.. BACKGROUND: L-selenomethionine (L-SeMet), a highly bioavailable organic form of selenium, plays a critical role in maintaining antioxidant homeostasis, regulating reproductive hormone secretion, and improving intestinal microbial ecology. Previous studies have demonstrated that appropriate supplementation with L-SeMet can significantly enhance the production performance and health status of rumina

PMID 42195300 (2026, Life (Basel, Switzerland)) — The Effects of L-Citrulline on the Apparent Digestion and Metabolism of Nutrients, Blood Hormone Levels, Amino Acid Metabolism and the Diversity of Faecal Microbiota in Mares in the Later Stage of Pregnancy.. This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary L-citrulline supplementation on the health of mares during late gestation. Thirty-two healthy mares in late pregnancy were randomly assigned to four groups: a control group (CON, 0 g/d) and three treatment groups receiving 15, 30, and 45 g/d/head of L-citrulline, respectively. The trial spanned 72 days, including a 12-day adaptation phase and a

PMID 41505418 (2026, PloS one) — Effects of maternal BMI on early pregnancy endocrine-metabolic function and offspring development: Evidence from a retrospective cohort and animal model.. <h4>Objective</h4>Abnormal body mass index (BMI) has been associated with pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, its clinical significance during early pregnancy remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationships and underlying mechanisms between maternal BMI, reproductive endocrine parameters, and pregnancy outcomes, thereby providing a theoretical basis

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42063948/

Evidence cluster — nutritional restoration / convalescence (recovery feeding) in dogs & cats (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)

PMID 41053838 — Enterocutaneous fistula as a long-term complication of jejunostomy tube placement in a dog with hyperadrenocorticism (BMC veterinary research, 2025). Abstract (opening): <h4>Background</h4>Jejunostomy tube (JT) feeding is a practical method of delivering enteral nutrition in dogs when oral, oesophageal or gastric feeding is not feasible, particularly in postoperative or critically ill patients with gastric, duodenal, proximal jejunal, or pancreatic disease. Although generally well-tolerated, JT placement is an invasive procedure associated with potential complications, requiring close postoperative monitoring.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41053838/

Evidence cluster — raw diet / BARF safety in dogs & cats (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)

PMID 42245978 (2026, Frontiers in veterinary science) — Insights into the influence of dog and guardian demographics, nutrition, and relationship on raw feeding practices.. <h4>Introduction</h4>Raw meat-based diets (RMBD) are increasingly popular among dog guardians, yet the role of personal nutrition habits and pet-guardian relationships in their adoption remains unclear.

PMID 40697637 (2025, Frontiers in veterinary science) — Reconciling the definitions of raw meat-based diets and biologically appropriate raw foods for companion animals: a mini review.. There is an increasing demand for pet foods considered "natural," raw, uncooked, minimally processed, and those free of synthetic preservatives used to inactivate spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms.

PMID 41328332 (2025, One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)) — Parasitic risks and One Health implications of valorising slaughterhouse animal by-products in raw meat-based diets for pets.. The increasing popularity of raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) for companion animals has raised One Health concerns regarding their microbiological and parasitological safety, particularly when raw diets are used at home with

PMID 41822231 (2026, Frontiers in veterinary science) — &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt; surveillance in raw pet food and dogs in Great Britain, 2013-2022.. <h4>Background</h4>Raw meat pet food is increasingly popular in Great Britain prompting concerns about its potential to transmit zoonotic pathogens, particularly <i>Salmonella</i>.<h4>Aim</h4>To investigate correlations

PMID 39943063 (2025, Animals : an open access journal from MDPI) — Current Evidence on Raw Meat Diets in Pets: A Natural Symbol, but a Nutritional Controversy.. Feeding raw meat to cats and dogs has become a common practice in Western countries.

PMID 42221950 (2026, Frontiers in veterinary science) — Pet food choices in transition: how owner demographics and diets influence pet food selection and the acceptance of alternative protein sources in pet feeding.. Given the increasing interest in alternative protein sources and growing ethical awareness in nutrition, this large-scale survey (<i>n</i> = 8,823) investigated the feeding practices of dog and cat owners in mainly Germa

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42245978/

Evidence cluster — senior / geriatric cat nutrition (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)

PMID 42278121 (2026, Animals : an open access journal from MDPI) — Increasing Dietary Potassium Enhances Urine Production and Reduces Risk of Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation in Senior Cats.. The objective of these three studies was to determine if dietary potassium supplementation affects urine production or calcium oxalate (CaOx) relative supersaturation (RSS) in adult cats.

PMID 41514733 (2025, Animals : an open access journal from MDPI) — Twenty-Four-Hour Feeding Patterns of In-Home Healthy Aging Cats Fed Wet, Dry, or a Combination of Wet and Dry Diets Ad Libitum.. Domesticated cats have evolved from the obligate carnivore <i>Felis silvestris</i>.

PMID 42278184 (2026, Animals : an open access journal from MDPI) — Emerging Trends in Pet Food: Scientific Innovations, Patent Landscapes, and Global Market Development.. The pet food sector has progressively evolved over the past decade from conventional nutrition toward functionally targeted and sustainability-oriented systems that are increasingly parallel developments in human health.

PMID 42280417 (2026, Nutrients) — Full-Fat Rice Bran Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Modulates Muscle-Related Parameters in High-Fat Diet-Fed Ovariectomized Mice with Potential Involvement of the Gut-Muscle Axis.. <b>Objectives:</b> The study aimed to evaluate the effects of full-fat rice bran (FFRB; Tainung No.

PMID 41149653 (2025, Metabolites) — Serum Metabolomics of Senior Dogs Fed a Fresh, Human-Grade Food or an Extruded Kibble Diet.. <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Despite the growing popularity of fresh food for dogs, there is an extremely small amount of literature evaluating the potential health benefits of fresh food and reduced processing compared

PMID 41176630 (2026, Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition) — Age-Dependent Increase in Small Intestinal Permeability and Sex-Dependent Absorptive Capacity in Cats (Felis catus).. Age-associated changes in intestinal permeability and function have not been studied in domestic cats, leaving a key factor in the relationship between age and digestive health in cats unexplored.

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42278121/

Feline chronic kidney disease — dietary management — representative studies (Europe PMC)

PMID 42187200 — Azotaemia and outcomes in male cats with initial and recurrent urethral obstruction: a multicentre, retrospective study of 601 cats (2020-2024). (Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2026). Abstract (opening): ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the prevalence and time to resolution of azotaemia between male cats presented with initial and recurrent urethral obstruction (UO), and to

PMID 42188039 — Lipidomic Signatures in Feline Disease: A PRISMA-Guided Systematic Review. (Metabolites, 2026). Abstract (opening): Background/Objectives : Lipidomics has become a key component of systems biology, enabling comprehensive characterisation of lipid species and their roles in health and disease.

PMID 42022391 — From pathogenesis to prevention: an update on the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities in cats. (Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026). Abstract (opening): Overweight and obesity represent the most common nutritional disorder in domestic cats and constitute a significant global health issue. In this review, we synthesize current

PMID 41398709 — Caregivers' perspectives on feline chronic kidney disease in Portugal: a questionnaire-based study. (Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2025). Abstract (opening): ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess caregivers' perspectives on feline chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsPeople living in Portugal caring for a cat with CKD were invited to

PMID 41745993 — Understanding the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats: From Pathophysiology to Emerging Biomarkers. (Veterinary sciences, 2026). Abstract (opening): Feline chronic kidney disease is a leading cause of mortality in geriatric cats, characterized by a progressive and irreversible loss of renal function. Despite its high

PMID 41745987 — A Real-World Data Analysis on Feline Chronic Kidney Disease in Greece: Clinical Profiles, Comorbidities, and Quality of Life. (Veterinary sciences, 2026). Abstract (opening): Feline chronic kidney disease (fCKD) is highly prevalent in geriatric cats, affecting up to 80%, and is a leading cause of morbidity in cats with a challenging diagnosis. This

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42187200/

Feline diabetes mellitus — dietary management — representative studies (Europe PMC)

PMID 42254904 — Factors influencing insulin prescribing practices among small animal specialists. (Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026). Abstract (opening): Initial management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) often involves administration of regular insulin, and the transition from regular to intermediate or long-acting insulin can be

PMID 41369075 — Guidelines for nutritional management of feline diabetes mellitus: a proposed classification system integrating medical considerations. (Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2026). Abstract (opening): The management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cats can benefit from an integration of medical and nutritional strategies, based on an understanding of the dynamic nature of the

PMID 41929271 — Feline obesity is associated with stronger owner attachment, while indoor confinement increases risk of obesity at an early age in domestic shorthaired cats. (Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026). Abstract (opening): Knowledge of risk factors for overweight and obesity is important for making preventative strategies for feline obesity. The present study investigated risk factors for feline

PMID 41251300 — Spectrum of veterinary care in feline diabetes mellitus. (Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2026). Abstract (opening): Approximately 10% of cats with diabetes mellitus (diabetes) are euthanased at diagnosis and a further 10% euthanased within the first year of treatment, despite diabetes being a

PMID 41471872 — Dietary Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Dogs and Cats and Its Role in Disease Management. (Microorganisms, 2025). Abstract (opening): Food has a massive influence on the gut microbiota and is one of the most useful therapeutic levers in disease. Recent developments have highlighted how macronutrient balance,

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42022391/

Feline gastrointestinal disease — diet — representative studies (Europe PMC)

PMID 41856840 — Navigating the Diagnostic Continuum: Feline Lymphoplasmacytic Enteritis and Low-Grade Intestinal T-cell Lymphoma. (The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice, 2026). Abstract (opening): This article discusses the importance of accurately diagnosing feline gastrointestinal diseases, particularly differentiating inflammatory bowel disease from alimentary lymphoma.

PMID 41992442 — Gastrointestinal microbiota and fecal fatty acids of cats with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. (Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2026). Abstract (opening): ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to identify differences in fecal analytes (ie, microbiota, fatty acids [FAs]) in cats with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)

PMID 41631677 — A psyllium-supplemented gastrointestinal diet is effective for the management of chronic constipation in cats: a 6-month controlled clinical trial. (Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2026). Abstract (opening): ObjectivesThis study evaluated the efficacy of a psyllium-enriched diet for the management of chronic constipation in cats.MethodsA multicentre, controlled, blinded, 6-month trial

PMID 42121787 — The Effects of Dietary &lt;i&gt;Enterococcus faecalis&lt;/i&gt; HHP003 Supplementation on Gut Microbiota Composition and Gut Health in Cats with Mild Diarrhea. (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026). Abstract (opening): As a probiotic lactic acid bacterium, E. faecalis regulates intestinal flora, strengthens the intestinal barrier, and enhances immunity in the host. However, as a new strain

PMID 41572251 — Obstructive colonic FGESF associated with feline infectious peritonitis in a cat: a case report. (BMC veterinary research, 2026). Abstract (opening): BACKGROUND: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a severe immune-mediated disease that develops in a small proportion of cats infected with feline coronavirus (FCoV). Clinical

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41856840/

Feline hyperthyroidism — dietary management — representative studies (Europe PMC)

PMID 42117720 — Circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system markers in cats with non-hypertensive chronic kidney disease or systemic arterial hypertension. (Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2026). Abstract (opening): Background Information on the classical and alternative circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems (RAAS) in cats with non-hypertensive chronic kidney disease (NHT-CKD) or

PMID 41472095 — Cardiac Abnormalities in Feline Hyperthyroidism. (Veterinary sciences, 2025). Abstract (opening): Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in elderly cats, often leading to concurrent cardiac abnormalities. Understanding the development of these cardiac abnormalities and

PMID 41978704 — Tongue infarction in suspected lingual artery thromboembolism in a cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (JFMS open reports, 2026). Abstract (opening): Case summary An 8-year-old, male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented with acute onset of ataxia, apathy, hypersalivation and anorexia. Clinical examination revealed a

PMID 41870785 — Investigating changes in serum metabolome and urinary endocrine disrupting chemicals in cats with hyperthyroidism. (Veterinary research communications, 2026). Abstract (opening): Domestic cats share indoor environments with humans and are exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from both household sources and cat-specific products capable of

PMID 41395787 — Primary portal vein hypoplasia in cats: clinical findings, diagnosis and outcomes in five cases. (Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2026). Abstract (opening): Case series summaryA retrospective, single-center case series describes five cats with primary portal vein hypoplasia (PVH). This case series outlines clinical signs, diagnostics,

PMID 41674402 — Epileptic seizures in cats: practical approaches to diagnosis. (Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2026). Abstract (opening): Clinical challenges Epileptic seizures are a relatively common neurological presentation in cats, yet determining the underlying cause can be challenging due to the broad range of

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42117720/

Feline lower urinary tract disease — dietary management — representative studies (Europe PMC)

PMID 42000031 — Retrospective survival analysis of feline lower urinary tract disease in China using insurance data. (Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997), 2026). Abstract (opening): Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a common, multifactorial, multidisease syndrome with limited data reported in Asia. We analyzed nationwide pet insurance data in

PMID 41965667 — Aerococcus mictus as a cause of feline urinary tract infection: a case report. (BMC veterinary research, 2026). Abstract (opening): BACKGROUND: Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a noteworthy cause of lower urinary tract disease both in humans and companion animals, especially in patients with

PMID 41641807 — The hitchhiker's guide to feline xanthinuria. (Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2026). Abstract (opening): Feline xanthinuria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of purine metabolism due to genetic mutations in the xanthine dehydrogenase ( XDH ) gene. It is characterised by

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42000031/

Provenance & how to cite

This manual was generated automatically by composing 48 C1-verified topic blocks from Pet Data Station (author: codebuddy). No new factual claims were introduced; all statements are quoted verbatim from the sources listed under each block.

Sources drawn on:

• https://delcode.delaware.gov/title3/c082/sc01/index.html
• https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32020R0688
• https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32026R0131
• https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=348AC1000000105
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36504872/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40046187/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40427306/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41017078/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41053838/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41472095/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41738766/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41775677/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41779017/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41793777/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41856840/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41950383/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41976013/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42000031/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42022391/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42063948/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42071988/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42110576/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42117720/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42187200/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42201424/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42245978/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42249348/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42254911/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42278121/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42283012/
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42324618/
• https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/lily
• https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/sago-palm
• https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/cvm-updates/fda-provides-update-investigation-potential-connection-between-certain-diets-and-cases-canine-heart
• https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2024/828.30
• https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/acetaminophen/
• https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/poison/ibuprofen/

Authored by codebuddy · Every statement quoted verbatim from its cited source.