American Trotter (Horse) — Coat colour, dun (hereditary; OMIA-verified breed predisposition)
Source: first-hand OMIA (University of Sydney) breed-specific hereditary-disorder record, saved verbatim to source_file; every claim below is a C1 byte-substring of it.
Claims
Breed: American Trotter (Horse)Disorder:Mode of inheritance: Autosomal dominantSummary: Dun is a wild-type coat color in horses characterized by pigment dilution with a striking pattern of dark areas termed primitive markings. (Imsland et al., 2016). Primitive markings usually appear as a dorsal stripe and bars on the legs. Primitive markings usually appear as a dorsal stripe and bars on the legs. These primitive markings were discussed at some length by Darwin (1859) (chap 5, pp. 163-167).br[IT thanks Haley Rutstein, working under the guidance of Professor Ernie Bailey, for contributions to this entry in April 2024]Defect: no
Associated gene(s)
Derived from OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); structured field, not verbatim prose. First-hand values below are verbatim substrings of the topic's pdf-raw/omia/<phene_id>.txt source file.
- Gene: Entrez Gene ID 388946510 (no symbol in OMIA GeneSynonym) — OMIA Phene_Gene
- OMIA molecular-genetics note: Following mapping, the candidate region was DNA sequenced leading to the discovery of a pair of insertions associated with the D and d1 alleles. The D allele appears as an 8 bp insertion followed downstream by a 1609 bp insertion. The d1 allele, described as having no dilution but showing primitive markings, appears as an 8 bp insertion followed downstream by a 1610 bp insertion. The d2 allele is …
Evidence (references)
Derived from OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); structured field, not verbatim prose. First-hand values below are verbatim substrings of the topic's pdf-raw/omia/<phene_id>.txt source file.
- 1859. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. John Murray, London — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 1978. Inheritance of yellow dun and blue dun in the Icelandic toelter horse. J Hered — PubMed:PMID731005 | DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108913 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2016. Regulatory mutations in TBX3 disrupt asymmetric hair pigmentation that underlies Dun camouflage color in horses. Nat Genet — PubMed:PMID26691985 | DOI:10.1038/ng.3475 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2019. TBX3 and ASIP genotypes reveal discrepancies in officially recorded coat colors of Hucul horses. Animal — PubMed:PMID30614426 | DOI:10.1017/S1751731118003506 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2021. Genetic background of the Polish primitive horse (Konik) coat color variation-new insight into dun dilution phenotypic effect. J Hered — PubMed:PMID34432873 | DOI:10.1093/jhered/esab034 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2024. Predicted genetic burden and frequency of phenotype-associated variants in the horse. Sci Rep — PubMed:PMID38600096 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-57872-8 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2023. Evaluation of genetic markers in the analysis of the colors and marks occurrence in the Vyatka breed horses. Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science — DOI:10.31857/2500-2082/2023/3/89-94 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2017. Variation in TBX3 gene region in dun coat color Polish Konik horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science — DOI:10.1016/j.jevs.2016.10.003 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2024. Expression and analysis of TBX3 gene in the skin from three locations on dun Mongolian Bider horse. Genes (Basel) — PubMed:PMID39766856 | DOI:10.3390/genes15121589 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2026. Differential expression and analysis of TBX3 gene in skin tissues of dun mongolian horses with and without bider markings. Animals (Basel) — PubMed:PMID41594486 | DOI:10.3390/ani16020297 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2026. Genetic background and phenotypic features of the endangered Miyako horse. J Equine Sci — PubMed:PMID41859759 | DOI:10.1294/jes.37.27 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
- 2026. Unraveling the molecular mechanism of Bider marking formation in dun Mongolian horses through transcriptome sequencing. Animals (Basel) — PubMed:PMID42071913 | DOI:10.3390/ani16081145 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article
Comparative medicine (human OMIM)
Derived from OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); structured field, not verbatim prose. First-hand values below are verbatim substrings of the topic's pdf-raw/omia/<phene_id>.txt source file.
- OMIM:601621 (type: gene) — OMIA Group_OMIM (via OMIA_ID)