{"topic_id":"kr_nias_energy_requirements","category":"kr-nutrition-guideline","context":"---\ntopic_id: kr_nias_energy_requirements\ncategory: kr-nutrition-guideline\ntitle: \"South Korea NIAS Pet Food Nutrient Standard (2024) — daily energy requirements for dogs & cats (Tables 2-5 to 2-9)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"NIAS Pet Food Nutrient Standard 1st Ed. (반려동물 사료 영양표준), RDA NIAS, 2024-10, pdftotext of pdf-raw/asia-2026/korea-2026/nias_pet_nutrient_standard_2024.pdf\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/kr-nutrition-guideline/nias_pet_nutrient_standard_2024.txt\nsource_type: government_pdf_text\ndate_parsed: 2026-09-21\ntokens_estimated: 1450\nverification:\n  method: substring_match\n  claims: 41\n  passed: 41\n  date: 2026-09-21\nsource_document: \"Korea 사료 기준규격 / NIAS nutrient standard\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"Feed Standards — NIAS mandated to publish species feeding standards every 5 years — first-hand Korean statute/rule text\"\n  title: \"South Korea NIAS Pet Food Nutrient Standard (2024) — daily energy requirements for dogs & cats (Tables 2-5 to 2-9)\"\n  url: \"https://www.law.go.kr/lsSc.do?menuId=1&query=%EB%B0%98%EB%A0%A4%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC%20%EC%82%AC%EB%A3%8C%20%EC%98%81%EC%96%91%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-07-24\"\n  ref: \"\"\n  doc_type: \"official PDF\"\n  needs_review: false\nauthority_tier: T1\nauthority_tier_basis: \"T1:jp-kr-gov\"\nauthority_tier_date: 2026-09-21\n---\n\n# South Korea NIAS Pet Food Nutrient Standard (2024) — daily energy requirements (Tables 2-5 to 2-9)\n\nSource: Pet Food Nutrient Standard, 1st Edition (반려동물 사료 영양표준 1판), National Institute\nof Animal Science (국립축산과학원, NIAS), Rural Development Administration, 2024-10. This topic\ncovers the **daily energy requirement tables** (표 2-5 to 표 2-9, \"Recommendations on daily\nenergy intake for dogs and cats in various physiological states\" — `다양한 생리적 상태의 개와\n고양이의 일일 에너지 섭취에 대한 권장 사항`). It complements `kr_nias_nutrient_me_basis`\n(Tables 2-17c/d/g/h nutrient content per 1,000 kcal ME) and `nias_nutrient_002` /\n`nias_nutrient_003` (per-100 g DM tables). Korean original rows are quoted with English\ntranslations (superscripts such as kg^0.75 appear as `kg0.75` in the text layer).\n\nThe NIAS preface notes there is no single formula for an individual animal's energy\nrequirement: the table values are averages for reference only, and feeding amounts should be\nadjusted as the animal loses or gains weight.\n\n## 표 2-5 — Dog maintenance energy requirement (MER) by age (practical recommendations)\n\n| Age (나이) | ME kcal/kg^0.75 | ME kJ/kg^0.75 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1–2 years | 130 (125–140) | 550 (523–585) |\n| 3–7 years | 110 (95–130) | 460 (398–545) |\n| ≥ 7 (senior, 노견) | 95 (80–120) | 398 (335–500) |\n\n(Based on Kealy RD et al. 2002; dogs should be fed to maintain a 4–5 body-condition score on\nthe 9-point scale. NIAS also notes MER rises 2–5 kcal (8–21 kJ) per kg^0.75 per 1 °C outside\nthe thermoneutral range, citing NRC 2006h.)\n\n## 표 2-6 — Dog daily energy requirement by activity level\n\n| Activity (활동량) | ME kcal/kg^0.75 | ME kJ/kg^0.75 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Low activity (< 1 h/day; e.g. walks) — 활동이 적음 | 95 | 398 |\n| Medium activity (1–3 h/day, low impact) — 활동성 중간 | 110 | 460 |\n| Active (1–3 h/day, high impact) — 활동성 | 125 | 523 |\n| High activity (3–6 h/day; working/herding dogs) — 활동성 높음 (사역견, 양몰이견) | 150–175 | 628–732 |\n| Extreme (sled dogs running 168 km/day in extreme cold) | 860–1,240 | 3,600–5,190 |\n| Obesity risk — 비만 위험 | ≤ 90 | ≤ 377 |\n| Great Dane — 그레이트 데인 | 200 (200–250) | 837 (837–1,046) |\n| Newfoundland — 뉴펀들랜드 | 105 (80–132) | 439 (335–550) |\n\n## 표 2-7a — Dog growth-curve equations (weaning at 8 weeks to 1 year)\n\nModified from Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie (1989) and Meyer H & Zentek J (1992);\n`Ln` = natural logarithm, age in weeks:\n\n| Adult body weight (성체 체중, kg) | Growth curve (% of adult weight) |\n| --- | --- |\n| ≤ 7 | % adult weight = 36.92·Ln(age in weeks) − 43.57 |\n| > 7–15 | 36.86·Ln − 48.22 |\n| > 15–27.5 | 39.88·Ln − 60.70 |\n| > 27.5–47.5 | 36.96·Ln − 56.18 |\n| > 47.5 | 36.61·Ln − 62.39 |\n\n## 표 2-7b — Average energy requirement during dog growth & reproduction\n\n- Newborn puppy (갓난 강아지): **25 kcal / 100 g body weight** (105 kJ / 100 g).\n- 8 weeks–1 year: `(254.1 − 135.0 × [current weight / expected adult weight]) × current\n  weight^0.75` kcal (kJ: `(1,063 − 565 × [ratio]) × weight^0.75`) (Klein et al. 2019).\n- Pregnancy (임신): week 4 = **132 kcal/kg^0.75** (550 kJ/kg^0.75); week 5 = 132 kcal/kg^0.75\n  **+ 26 kcal/kg** body weight (550 kJ/kg^0.75 + 110 kJ/kg).\n- Lactation (수유, NRC 2006b/h): 1–4 puppies = `145 kcal/kg^0.75 + 24n × kg × L`; 5–8 puppies\n  = `145 kcal/kg^0.75 + (96 + 12n−4) × kg × L` (kJ: 607 kcal/kg^0.75 forms with 100n and\n  (400 + 50n−4) respectively). `n = number of puppies; L = 0.75 (week 1); 0.95 (week 2);\n  1.1 (week 3); 1.2 (week 4)`.\n- NIAS warns growing puppies must **never be fed ad libitum** (`강아지는 절대로 ad libitum(자유\n  채식)으로 먹이면 안 된다`): excess energy drives rapid growth and, especially in large\n  breeds, skeletal deformities.\n\n## 표 2-8 — Adult cat average daily energy requirement\n\n| Sex – activity (성별 – 활동성) | ME kcal/kg^0.67 | kcal/kg body weight (4 kg cat) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Neutered and/or indoor — 중성화 및/또는 실내 고양이 | 52–75 | 35–45 |\n| Active — 활동적인 고양이 | 100 | 60–65 |\n\nCat MER uses the intra-species allometric coefficient **0.67** proposed by Heusner (1991),\nconfirmed as more accurate than 0.75 (Edtstadtler-Pietsch 2003; Nguyen P et al. 2001). FEDIAF\naligns with NRC (2006g) at 100 kcal/kg^0.67 for active adult cats; the average for indoor /\nneutered adults is estimated at 75 kcal/kg^0.67.\n\n## 표 2-9 — Cat energy requirement by growth & reproduction stage\n\n- Kittens (자묘), as multiples of MER: **2.0–2.5×** up to 4 months; **1.75–2.0×** at 4–9\n  months; **1.5×** at 9–12 months.\n- Pregnant queen (임신): **140 kcal/kg^0.67**.\n- Lactation (수유): litter < 3 kittens = `100 kcal/kg^0.67 + 18 kcal × kg × L`; 3–4 kittens =\n  `100 kcal/kg^0.67 + 60 kcal × kg × L`; > 4 kittens = `100 kcal/kg^0.67 + 70 kcal × kg × L`.\n  `L = 0.9 (weeks 1–2); 1.2 (weeks 3–4); 1.1 (week 5); 1 (week 6); 0.8 (week 7)`.\n\n## Claims (verified C1 substrings of source_file)\n\n- `표 2-5. 다양한 연령대의 개에게 나타나는 유지 에너지 요구량에 대한 실용적인 권장 사항`\n- `1-2                                           130 (125-140)                      550 (523-585)`\n- `3-7                                           110 (95-130)                       460 (398-545)`\n- `≥ 7 (노견)                                       95 (80-120)                       398 (335-500)`\n- `표 2-6. 활동량과 관련된 일일 에너지 요구량`\n- `활동이 적음 (1시간/일 미만) (예시: 걷는 산책)                                                   95                  398`\n- `활동성 중간 (1-3시간/일) (영향력 낮은 활동)                                                    110                 460`\n- `활동성(1-3시간/일) (영향력 높은 활동)                                                        125                 523`\n- `활동성 높음 (3-6시간/일) (사역견, 양몰이견)                                                 150-175             628-732`\n- `극한의 상황에서 높은 활동성 (극한의 추위에서 168km/일 달리는 썰매견)                                  860–1,240          3,600–5,190`\n- `비만 위험                                                                          ≤ 90               ≤ 377`\n- `그레이트 데인                                                                    200 (200-250)      837 (837-1,046)`\n- `뉴펀들랜드                                                                      105 (80-132)        439 (335-550)`\n- `표 2-7a. \u0007Gesellschaft fur Ernahrungsphysiologie (1989) 및 Meyer H와 Zentek J (1992)에 의해 수정된`\n- `7 이하                                   % 성체 체중 = 36.92Ln (주 단위 나이) - 43.57`\n- `>7–15                                  % 성체 체중 = 36.86Ln (주 단위 나이) - 48.22`\n- `>15–27.5                                % 성체 체중 = 39.88Ln (주 단위 나이) - 60.70`\n- `>27.5-47.5                               % 성체 체중 = 36.96Ln (주 단위 나이) - 56.18`\n- `>47.5                                 % 성체 체중 = 36.61Ln (주 단위 나이) - 62.39`\n- `표 2-7b. 개의 성장 및 번식 중 평균 에너지 요구량`\n- `갓난 강아지                      25kcal/100g 체중                                105kJ/100g 체중`\n- `8주-1년*`\n- `(254.1-135.0 × [현재 체중/예상 성체 체중])              (1,063-565 × [현재 체중/예상 성체 체중])`\n- `× 현재 체중0.75                                  × 현재 체중0.75`\n- `임신 4주                       132kcal/kg 체중  0.75\n                                                                                      550kJ/kg 체중0.75`\n- `임신 5주              132kcal/kg 체중0.75 + 26kcal/kg 체중               550kJ/kg 체중0.75 + 110kJ/kg 체중`\n- `145kcal/kg 체중0.75 + 24n × kg 체중 × L           607kJ/kg 체중0.75 + 100n × kg 체중×L`\n- `강아지              145kcal/kg 체중0.75 + (96 + 12n-4) × kg         607kJ/kg 체중0.75 + (400 + 50n-4) × kg`\n- `n = 강아지 마릿수; L = 0.75 (1주차); 0.95 (2주차); 1.1 (3주차); 1.2 (4주차).`\n- `표 2-8. 성묘의 평균 일일 에너지 요구량`\n- `중성화 및/또는 실내 고양이                              52-75                                    35-45`\n- `활동적인 고양이                                      100                                     60-65`\n- `표 2-9. 고양이의 성장 및 번식에 따른 평균 에너지 요구량`\n- `-4개월                                           2.0-2.5`\n- `4-9개월                                          1.75-2.0`\n- `9-12개월                                            1.5`\n- `임신                                           140kcal/kg 체중0.67`\n- `분만 자묘 3마리 미만                  100kcal/kg 체중0.67 + 18kcal × kg 체중 × L`\n- `분만 자묘 3-4마리                   100kcal/kg 체중0.67 + 60kcal × kg 체중 x L`\n- `분만 자묘 4마리 초과                  100kcal/kg 체중0.67 + 70kcal × kg 체중 x L`\n- `L = 0.9 (1-2주차); 1.2 (3-4주차); 1.1 (5주차); 1 (6주차); 0.8 (7주차).`\n\nSource: `pdf-raw/kr-nutrition-guideline/nias_pet_nutrient_standard_2024.txt` — pdftotext of NIAS Pet Food Nutrient Standard 1st Ed. (2024-10).\n","sources":["Feed Standards — NIAS mandated to publish species feeding standards every 5 years — first-hand Korean statute/rule text — South Korea NIAS Pet Food Nutrient Standard (2024) — daily energy requirements for dogs & cats (Tables 2-5 to 2-9) (retrieved 2026-09-21)"],"source":{"authority":"Feed Standards — NIAS mandated to publish species feeding standards every 5 years — first-hand Korean statute/rule text","title":"South Korea NIAS Pet Food Nutrient Standard (2024) — daily energy requirements for dogs & cats (Tables 2-5 to 2-9)","url":"https://www.law.go.kr/lsSc.do?menuId=1&query=%EB%B0%98%EB%A0%A4%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC%20%EC%82%AC%EB%A3%8C%20%EC%98%81%EC%96%91%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80","retrieved":"2026-09-21","ref":"","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"Korea 사료 기준규격 / NIAS nutrient standard","verification_file":"pdf-raw/kr-nutrition-guideline/nias_pet_nutrient_standard_2024.txt"},"source_document":"Korea 사료 기준규격 / NIAS nutrient standard","source_file":"pdf-raw/kr-nutrition-guideline/nias_pet_nutrient_standard_2024.txt","trust":{"authority_tier":"T1","fidelity":"verbatim","license":null,"display_grade":"A"},"tokens_estimated":1450,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons.","structured_data":{"note":"The nutrient values in this topic are also available as structured data — faster and exact, no text parsing needed.","compare":"/api/v1/cross_compare?standards=AAFCO,FEDIAF,KFDA&species=dog&lifestage=adult&nutrient=protein&basis=DM","coverage":"Standards: AAFCO (year>=2014), FEDIAF (year>=2025), EU PARNUT (year>=2020), KFDA/NIAS Korea (year>=2024). species: dog|cat. lifestage: adult|GR (growth/puppy/kitten map to growth-reproduction). basis: DM|cal.","single":"/api/v1/nutrient?standard=KFDA&year=2024&species=dog&lifestage=adult&nutrient=protein&basis=DM","batch":"/api/v1/batch_nutrient?standard=KFDA&year=2024&species=dog&lifestage=adult&nutrients=protein,fat,calcium,phosphorus&basis=DM"}}