{"topic_id":"exotic_tox_amphibian_redleg","category":"exotic-pet-toxicology","context":"---\ntopic_id: exotic_tox_amphibian_redleg\ncategory: exotic-pet-toxicology\ntitle: \"Red-leg syndrome (bacterial dermatosepticemia) precipitated by poor water / environmental quality in amphibians\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"The Merck Veterinary Manual — amphibian (exotic and laboratory animals)\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/exotic-toxicology/amphibian.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-07-29\ntokens_estimated: 0\nverified: true\nverification: c1_substring\nsource_document: \"The Merck Veterinary Manual\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"The Merck Veterinary Manual\"\n  title: \"Red-leg syndrome (bacterial dermatosepticemia) precipitated by poor water / environmental quality in amphibians\"\n  url: \"https://www.merckvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/amphibians\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-07-29\"\n  ref: \"MerckVetManual-amphibian\"\n  doc_type: \"peer-reviewed veterinary reference (Merck & Co.)\"\n  needs_review: false\n---\n\n# Red-leg syndrome (bacterial dermatosepticemia) precipitated by poor water / environmental quality in amphibians\nVerbatim first-hand facts from The Merck Veterinary Manual (amphibian). All bullets are exact substrings of the cited source file and C1-substring verified. Focus: toxicosis and environmental hazards of the pet species.\n## Toxicology facts\n- Red-leg syndrome, also known as bacterial dermatosepticemia, refers to hyperemia of the ventral skin that accompanies systemic infection in amphibians. Saprophytic, gram-negative bacteria such as Aeromonas spp, Pseudomonas spp,Proteus spp, Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, Klebsiella spp, and Citrobacter spp typically cause red-leg syndrome. However, gram-positive organisms such as Streptococcus spp have been isolated from patients. Cultures should be considered for directing antimicrobial treatment. Ventral hyperemia is a nonspecific sign and may also occur with toxicosis, viral (ie, ranavirus ), and fungal (ie, chytridiomycosis, see below) infection. Malnourished, newly acquired amphibians that are maintained in poor-quality water or other inappropriate environmental conditions are particularly susceptible.\n","sources":["exotic-pet-toxicology — Red-leg syndrome (bacterial dermatosepticemia) precipitated by poor water / environmental quality in amphibians (retrieved 2026-07-29)"],"source":{"authority":"exotic-pet-toxicology","title":"Red-leg syndrome (bacterial dermatosepticemia) precipitated by poor water / environmental quality in amphibians","url":"https://www.merckvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/amphibians","retrieved":"2026-07-29","ref":"","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"The Merck Veterinary Manual","verification_file":"pdf-raw/exotic-toxicology/amphibian.txt"},"source_document":"The Merck Veterinary Manual","source_file":"pdf-raw/exotic-toxicology/amphibian.txt","tokens_estimated":304,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}