{"topic_id":"exotic_breeding_amphibian","category":"exotic-breeding","context":"---\ntopic_id: exotic_breeding_amphibian\ncategory: exotic-breeding\ntitle: \"Amphibian — breeding (owner-practical care, Merck Veterinary Manual pet-owner)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"Merck Veterinary Manual pet-owner version (merckvetmanual.com/all-other-pets), first-hand consumer care text saved to source_file; C1 byte-substring verified. Pulled 2026-08-01.\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/owner-care/merck_amphibian.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-08-01\ntokens_estimated: 660\nverification:\n  method: substring_match\n  claims: 4\n  passed: 4\n  date: 2026-08-01\nrecovered: false\npath: exotic-breeding/exotic_breeding_amphibian/01_exotic_breeding_amphibian.md\nsource_document: \"Merck Veterinary Manual — pet owner version (all-other-pets)\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"Merck Veterinary Manual (merckvetmanual.com), pet owner version\"\n  title: \"Amphibian — breeding (owner-practical care, Merck Veterinary Manual pet-owner)\"\n  url: \"https://www.merckvetmanual.com/all-other-pets\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-08-01\"\n  ref: \"Merck Veterinary Manual pet-owner version — amphibian care\"\n  doc_type: \"professional veterinary manual (consumer version)\"\n  needs_review: false\n---\n\n# Amphibian — breeding (owner-practical care, Merck Veterinary Manual pet-owner)\n\nSource: first-hand Merck Veterinary Manual pet-owner text, saved to `source_file`; every claim below is a C1 byte-substring of it.\n\n## Claims\n\n- `Untreated hardwood mulches and leaf litter are options, but cedar and pine should be avoided because they contain toxic oils.`\n- `To decrease pests, heat soil to 200°F (93°C) for 30 minutes or freeze below 32°F (0°C).`\n- `Not all plants are safe for amphibians, so pet owners should check with an experienced amphibian owner, breeder, or vet before adding plants.`\n- `Not all “full-spectrum” light bulbs (bulbs that mimic sunlight) provide the right UVB levels, so pet owners should ask a knowledgeable vet or breeder which type of bulb to use.`\n\n---\n\n**Source:** `pdf-raw/owner-care/merck_amphibian.txt` · https://www.merckvetmanual.com/all-other-pets\n","sources":["exotic-breeding — Amphibian — breeding (owner-practical care, Merck Veterinary Manual pet-owner) (retrieved 2026-08-01)"],"source":{"authority":"exotic-breeding","title":"Amphibian — breeding (owner-practical care, Merck Veterinary Manual pet-owner)","url":"https://www.merckvetmanual.com/all-other-pets","retrieved":"2026-08-01","ref":"","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"Merck Veterinary Manual — pet owner version (all-other-pets)","verification_file":"pdf-raw/owner-care/merck_amphibian.txt"},"source_document":"Merck Veterinary Manual — pet owner version (all-other-pets)","source_file":"pdf-raw/owner-care/merck_amphibian.txt","tokens_estimated":304,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}