{"topic_id":"exotic_bird_nutrition_vitamin_a","category":"exotic-pet-nutrition","context":"---\ntopic_id: exotic_bird_nutrition_vitamin_a\ncategory: exotic-pet-nutrition\ntitle: \"Pet bird nutrition — stunted choanal papilla as a sign of vitamin A deficiency\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"Merck Veterinary Manual — Pet bird nutrition — stunted choanal papilla as a sign of vitamin A deficiency\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/exotic-health/mvm_bird_management.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-07-28\ntokens_estimated: 90\nverified: true\nverification:\n  method: paraphrase\n  claims: 1\n  passed: 1\n  date: 2026-08-04\nsource_document: \"Merck Veterinary Manual (first-hand extracted text)\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"Merck Veterinary Manual\"\n  title: \"Pet bird nutrition — stunted choanal papilla as a sign of vitamin A deficiency\"\n  url: \"https://www.merckvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/birds/management-of-birds\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-07-28\"\n  ref: \"Merck Veterinary Manual\"\n  doc_type: \"veterinary reference (professional version)\"\n  needs_review: false\nlicense: paraphrase\ncopyright_note: \"Source Merck Veterinary Manual (merckvetmanual.com) is a copyrighted veterinary reference and not openly licensed; per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3 all claims are paraphrased derived fact summaries (numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten), not verbatim quotations.\"\nauthority_tier: T3\nauthority_tier_basis: \"T3:vet-ref\"\nauthority_tier_date: 2026-08-04\n---\n\n# Pet bird nutrition — stunted choanal papilla as a sign of vitamin A deficiency\nSource: Merck Veterinary Manual (merckvetmanual.com), a copyrighted veterinary reference. Per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3, the points below are paraphrased derived fact summaries: numerical values and proper nouns are preserved from the source, but sentences are rewritten and not quoted verbatim.\n\n## Claims\n\n- *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Changes to the choanal papillae can indicate a lack of vitamin A.\n---\n## License & attribution\n\nSource paraphrased: Merck Veterinary Manual — Pet bird nutrition (merckvetmanual.com). Original text © Merck Veterinary Manual; not openly licensed. Per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3 this topic presents derived fact summaries only, not verbatim quotation.","sources":["exotic-pet-nutrition — Pet bird nutrition — stunted choanal papilla as a sign of vitamin A deficiency (retrieved 2026-07-28)"],"source":{"authority":"exotic-pet-nutrition","title":"Pet bird nutrition — stunted choanal papilla as a sign of vitamin A deficiency","url":"https://www.merckvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/birds/management-of-birds","retrieved":"2026-07-28","ref":"","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"Merck Veterinary Manual (first-hand extracted text)","verification_file":"pdf-raw/exotic-health/mvm_bird_management.txt"},"source_document":"Merck Veterinary Manual (first-hand extracted text)","source_file":"pdf-raw/exotic-health/mvm_bird_management.txt","trust":{"authority_tier":"T3","fidelity":"paraphrase","license":"paraphrase","display_grade":"B"},"tokens_estimated":90,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}