{"topic_id":"evidence_exotic_rabbit_clinical","category":"evidence","context":"---\ntopic_id: evidence_exotic_rabbit_clinical\ncategory: evidence\ntitle: \"Evidence cluster — Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) clinical cases (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search, first-hand peer-reviewed abstracts, pulled 2026-08-01\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_rabbit_clinical_2026-08-01.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-08-01\ntokens_estimated: 4258\nverification:\n method: substring_match\n claims: 12\n passed: 12\n date: 2026-08-01\nsource_document: \"Peer-reviewed Rabbit clinical-case literature (Europe PMC, first-hand abstracts)\"\ncitation:\n authority: \"Europe PMC\"\n title: \"Evidence cluster — Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) clinical cases (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)\"\n url: \"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/\"\n retrieved: \"2026-08-01\"\n doc_type: \"first-hand abstracts (Europe PMC REST)\"\n needs_review: false\n---\n\n# Evidence: Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) clinical cases\n\nSource: Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search — first-hand peer-reviewed abstract records, pulled 2026-08-01.\nQueries covered clinical case reports and case series for Oryctolagus cuniculus.\nThe cluster returns **12** representative clinical cases with abstracts below. Abstract text is verbatim from source; each case is traceable by PMID.\n\n## Studies\n- **PMID 42464972 (2026, Veterinary ophthalmology)** — Bilateral Blepharoplasty and Shortening of the Third Eyelid Cartilage as Treatment for Chronic Corneal Ulceration in a Giant Rabbit-A Case Report.. Abstract (opening): This case report describes the clinical presentation and successful surgical management of a combined dorsal entropion-ectropion macroblepharon with an elongated and folded nictitating membrane in a 2-year-old male giant rabbit. The rabbit initially presented with bilateral chronic, recurrent corneal erosions secondary to abnormal eyelid and third eyelid conformation. Surgical correction was performed via wedge excision of the upper eyelid and shortening of the third eyelid cartilage. Following the procedure, the corneal erosions resolved completely and did not recur during a 1-year follow-up period. In this case, surgical intervention resulted in resolution of chronic, recurrent keratitis related to adnexal abnormalities, supporting the potential usefulness of this technique in managing erosive corneal disease in rabbits.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42464972/\n- **PMID 42063453 (2026, Case reports in veterinary medicine)** — Cutaneous Melanoma in a Rabbit With Multiple Metastatic Lesions: A Case Report.. Abstract (opening):

Background

Neoplasia is increasingly common in senior pet rabbits, with cutaneous melanoma being a rare but aggressive type. Its characteristics in rabbits are not fully understood.

Case description

A 5-year-old rabbit initially presented with a cutaneous mass at the ear base. Despite surgical excision, it recurred rapidly with multiple facial/chest masses and pulmonary metastases, leading to euthanasia. Pathological evaluation confirmed malignant melanoma, revealing features such as high mitotic activity and lymphovascular invasion; immunohistochemistry provided the definitive diagnosis.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

This case highlights the highly aggressive and metastatic nature of cutaneous melanoma in rabbits, often resulting in a poor prognosis. Clinicians should be aware of melanoma's aggressive potential in rabbits. Surgical intervention alone may prove inadequate, and current treatment options in rabbits are limited. In this case, surgical intervention was not effective, likely because micrometastasis was already present. Treatment options remain limited, and euthanasia is often required in metastatic cases.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42063453/\n- **PMID 42254076 (2026, Case reports in pulmonology)** — Novel Pattern of Nuclear Staining With ROS1 Immunohistochemistry: A Case Report.. Abstract (opening): ROS1 rearrangements are driver events in a subset of nonsmall cell lung carcinomas and may qualify patients for ROS1-directed treatment. ROS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is often used for screening of lung carcinomas for ROS1 gene rearrangement and has a cytoplasmic and/or membranous staining pattern. Here, we report an unusual case of a lung adenocarcinoma displaying a strong nuclear staining pattern on ROS1 IHC. ROS1 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) reflex testing was ordered. ROS1 FISH testing showed an isolated 3 ' signal pattern, indicating a potential rearrangement or deletion in the ROS1 gene. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis revealed a NMP1::ROS1 rearrangement. The tumor was from a 74-year-old male with a previous history of lung squamous cell carcinoma. This new occurrence was determined to be a lung adenocarcinoma and displayed papillary features, whereas concurrent lymphadenopathy was also present. Immunostaining for ALK was negative, and there was no expression of PD-L1 22C3 IHC. This case report highlights an unexpected ROS1 IHC staining associated with a rare ROS1 gene rearrangement.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42254076/\n- **PMID 42255890 (2026, Cureus)** — Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction to Insulin: A Case Report.. Abstract (opening): Advances in the purification of animal insulin preparations and the introduction of recombinant human insulin have markedly reduced the frequency of insulin hypersensitivity reactions. However, preservatives such as metacresol and other excipients contained in insulin formulations may still induce hypersensitivity reactions, which may be immediate, corresponding to type I hypersensitivity, or delayed, suggesting type III or, more commonly, type IV hypersensitivity according to the Gell and Coombs classification. We report the case of a 25-year-old woman with a 2-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus who was initially treated with insulin detemir and insulin glulisine. Fifteen months after the initiation of insulin therapy, she developed delayed erythematous skin lesions associated with mild headaches and abdominal pain. Several alternative insulin preparations were subsequently tried, but all reproduced the same symptoms despite antihistamine therapy. Dose splitting and rotation of injection sites failed to improve the reaction. Specific IgE antibodies to human insulin, porcine insulin, protamine, and latex were negative. Skin prick tests performed with different insulin preparations were negative on immediate reading; however, 12 hours later, the patient developed a diffuse and extensive cutaneous reaction, including facial involvement. Because all tested insulin preparations triggered a reaction, their excipient profiles were reviewed, and metacresol was identified as the only common excipient among them. As no metacresol-free insulin preparation was available in Morocco, tolerance induction with insulin was undertaken in an attempt to induce tolerance despite probable hypersensitivity to metacresol. The procedure was successful and resulted in sustained tolerance to all insulin preparations. Insulin allergy remains a rare yet challenging condition that requires careful diagnostic evaluation. Identification of the causative mechanism, including possible hypersensitivity to excipients such as metacresol, is crucial to guide appropriate management.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42255890/\n- **PMID 41889221 (2026, Veterinary dermatology)** — Canine Sarcoidosis Treated Successfully With Oclacitinib: A Case Report.. Abstract (opening): A male Finnish Lapphund presented with widespread papular skin lesions, which were diagnosed as cutaneous sarcoidosis based on histopathological results. Multiple diagnostic techniques, including bacterial and fungal culture, special staining, electron microscopy and in situ hybridisation, failed to identify a specific causative agent. Remission was achieved with oral oclacitinib.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41889221/\n- **PMID 42188604 (2026, Toxins)** — <i>Azemiops feae</i> (Fea's Viper) Envenoming: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.. Abstract (opening): Azemiops feae (Fea's viper) is a phylogenetically distinctive Asian viper with poorly defined medical significance, and human envenomations remain rarely reported in the English-language literature. We describe a new case of A. feae envenoming from Chongqing, China, and present a scoping review of published clinical case reports and case series to better characterize its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management. A 53-year-old male developed marked local pain and swelling following a bite to the hand, accompanied by transient neurotoxic symptoms, as well as mild hypofibrinogenemia. Treatment with a single vial of Gloydius brevicaudus monovalent antivenom was followed by clinical improvement and full recovery. Review of the literature identified nine previously published studies from China and one captive case from Europe. Envenoming typically occurred during agricultural activities, most commonly affected the lower extremities, and was characterized by prominent local effects with occasional mild neurotoxic features and inconsistent, generally mild coagulation abnormalities. Antivenom use was highly variable, involving multiple heterologous monovalent antivenoms, and outcomes were uniformly favourable regardless of antivenom administration. Collectively, available evidence indicates that A. feae envenoming is usually self-limited, with predominantly local effects and infrequent, mild systemic involvement. However, the absence of species-specific antivenom and the heterogeneity of current treatment practices highlight the need for systematic venom characterization and functional antivenom efficacy studies to inform evidence-based clinical management.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42188604/\n- **PMID 42225084 (2026, Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.))** — Case Report: Synchronous Manifestations of Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus-Associated Disorders.. Abstract (opening):

Background

Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) is associated with multiple clinical manifestations, including primary effusion lymphoma, an aggressive CD38+ B cell lymphoma with a plasmablastic phenotype.

Case

This case describes an antiretroviral therapy-adherent person with HIV who presented with concurrent KSHV-related disorders of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), and extracavitary primary effusion lymphoma (EC-PEL). Single-cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) provide detailed insights into differences in cellular composition and viral and cellular transcriptomic differences between these diseases. Moreover, the case describes a long-term remission with single-agent anti-CD38 antibody, daratumumab, in a chemotherapy-refractory case.

Conclusion

This case highlights the differing clinical manifestations of KSHV and the efficacy of immunotherapy in KSHV-associated primary effusion lymphoma.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42225084/\n- **PMID 42319213 (2026, Veterinary medicine and science)** — Clinical Remission of an Unresectable Presumptive Haemangiosarcoma in a Dog Treated With Toceranib, Piroxicam, and Propranolol: A Case Report.. Abstract (opening): Haemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a highly aggressive vascular tumour in dogs, characterised by rapid growth, early metastasis, and poor prognosis despite conventional treatment with surgery and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. A 14-year-old spayed female Maltese (4.14 kg) was presented with progressive abdominal distension and anorexia. Imaging revealed a large retroperitoneal mass, and computed tomography identified a 12.1 × 8.0 × 8.5 cm heterogeneous tumour. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed the lesion was unresectable, and biopsy findings were most consistent with presumptive haemangiosarcoma (HSA) due to the small, cautery-affected specimen. Medical therapy was initiated with toceranib phosphate (10 mg every other day), followed one week later by propranolol (0.3 mg/kg twice daily) and piroxicam (0.3 mg/kg once daily). The patient was monitored every 2-4 weeks with physical examination and serial haematology and serum biochemistry. Two months after initiating therapy, the abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated tumour reduction to 4.9 × 2.7 cm, and after 7 months the mass was no longer detectable on radiographic follow-up imaging (radiography and ultrasonography). Throughout treatment, haematologic and biochemical values remained within reference intervals, no clinically significant adverse effects were observed, and the owner reported resolution of abdominal distension with improved activity. This case demonstrates that combined therapy with toceranib, propranolol, and piroxicam achieved radiographic and clinically sustained remission of unresectable canine presumptive HSA while preserving quality of life. These findings suggest that multimodal therapy targeting angiogenesis and tumour growth pathways may represent a promising alternative strategy for managing this malignancy and warrant further clinical evaluation.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42319213/\n- **PMID 42079309 (2026, Frontiers in psychiatry)** — Electroconvulsive therapy in an adolescent with dissociative identity disorder and depression: a case report.. Abstract (opening):

Background

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a psychiatric condition characterized by the existence of at least two distinct identities. This disorder often serves as a defense mechanism, a response to severe childhood trauma, aimed at protecting the individual from overwhelming emotions or experiences. There is no specific targeted treatment for DID at present.

Objective

The purpose of this report is to explore the safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in combination with pharmacological treatment for the treatment of concomitant depression in an adolescent female with DID, and to provide new clinical ideas and empirical evidence for similar cases.

Case summary

A 15-year-old adolescent female presented with three distinct personality states, accompanied by hallucinations, negative thoughts, and self-harming behaviors. She was diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder and depression according to DSM-5 criteria. Following combined ECT and medication treatment, the patient's disparate personalities were integrated, and depressive symptoms were alleviated. During ECT administration, no significant adverse reactions occurred beyond mild headaches and transient memory impairment.

Conclusion

For adolescent patients with DID comorbid with depression who are at high risk of suicide, ECT combined with pharmacological treatment may be considered an effective and relatively safe treatment strategy in emergency situations. It is likely that the combined use of ECT, medication and psychotherapy has led to an improvement in the patient's condition.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42079309/\n- **PMID 42029971 (2026, Oral and maxillofacial surgery)** — Diagnostic challenges for a case of maxillary carcinoma cuniculatum in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus: a case report.. Abstract (opening): PURPOSE: Carcinoma Cuniculatum (CC) is an exceptionally rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma with limited description in the literature. Oral Carcinoma Cuniculatum (OCC) continues to be a diagnostic dilemma as it generally presents as an indolent infection, often undergoing multiple biopsies and debridements prior to definitive diagnosis. This study aims to review the diagnostic challenges, clinical features, histopathology, and management of OCC. We specifically present a unique case of OCC in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: A review of the current literature on OCC was conducted, focusing on diagnostic delays, clinical presentation, histopathologic characteristics, and treatment approaches. Additionally, a case report of a 47-year-old male with OCC is presented, including clinical course, diagnostic workup, and management. RESULTS: The patient underwent multiple biopsies and surgical debridements over a 3-year period prior to definitive diagnosis. He was ultimately treated with subtotal maxillectomy and radial forearm free flap reconstruction. Final pathology demonstrated pT4a OCC. His clinical course was further complicated by previously undiagnosed HIV infection. Multidisciplinary tumor board recommendations included bilateral elective neck dissections and adjuvant radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: OCC remains a diagnostic challenge due to its indolent behavior and nonspecific presentation, often resulting in delayed diagnosis and advanced disease at treatment. This case highlights the importance of maintaining clinical suspicion for malignancy in persistent oral lesions and may represent the first reported case of OCC in a patient with HIV, thus raising new questions regarding the potential role of immunosuppression while propagating prior inquiries.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42029971/\n- **PMID 42095012 (2026, Frontiers in veterinary science)** — Case Report: Feline adrenal pheochromocytoma with a synaptophysin-positive, chromogranin A-negative immunophenotype.. Abstract (opening): Pheochromocytoma is a rare adrenal medullary neoplasm in cats, with limited published cases and diagnostic challenges due to variable clinical presentation. An 8-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat presented with severe watery diarrhea, lethargy, and anorexia. Diagnostic evaluation revealed chronic kidney disease, pyelonephritis, and a large cystic right adrenal mass identified on ultrasonography and computed tomography. Endocrine testing did not support hyperadrenocorticism or hyperaldosteronism, and functional assessment of catecholamine excess was not performed. Surgical adrenalectomy was elected due to mass size and rupture risk. Histopathological examination demonstrated a medullary adrenal neoplasm composed of polygonal cells arranged in characteristic packets. Immunohistochemistry revealed synaptophysin positivity with negative chromogranin A staining, supporting a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the cat remained normotensive and clinically stable at one year, with chronic kidney disease managed medically. This case underscores the diagnostic complexity of feline pheochromocytoma and highlights the importance of integrating imaging, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry, as chromogranin A negativity does not exclude this diagnosis.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42095012/\n- **PMID 42045647 (2026, Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology)** — Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the lung: a case report and literature review.. Abstract (opening): Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC), an uncommon neoplasm with low-grade malignancy, develops in tissues resembling those of the salivary glands. Pulmonary EMC (P-EMC) exhibits biphasic differentiation. The inner lining has epithelial-type cells, while the outer zone contains myoepithelial elements. This report describes the case of a 68-year-old man with P-EMC who presented with fever and a cough. Imaging revealed a pulmonary mass in the left lower lobe. Computed tomography revealed a mass with irregular borders and heterogeneous enhancement, suggesting a malignant tumor. The patient underwent radical surgery. Histopathological examination of the tumor revealed clear biphasic differentiation, including epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated neoplastic cells expressing CK7, EMA, SMA, and p63, and negative for other lung cancer markers, leading to a diagnosis of P-EMC. The Ki-67 proliferation index was 30%, and no lymph node metastasis was detected. Additionally, we reviewed 46 published case reports on P-EMC. Although P-EMC has low malignant potential, accurate differentiation from other lung tumors and ongoing surveillance are essential for monitoring recurrence and metastasis. Early detection and timely intervention improves the prognosis.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42045647/\n\nSource text: `pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_rabbit_clinical_2026-08-01.txt` (Europe PMC first-hand abstracts, pulled 2026-08-01).\n","sources":["Europe PMC — Evidence cluster — Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) clinical cases (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC) (retrieved 2026-08-01)"],"source":{"authority":"Europe PMC","title":"Evidence cluster — Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) clinical cases (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42464972/","retrieved":"2026-08-01","ref":"PMID 42464972","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"Peer-reviewed Rabbit clinical-case literature (Europe PMC, first-hand abstracts)","verification_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_rabbit_clinical_2026-08-01.txt"},"source_document":"Peer-reviewed Rabbit clinical-case literature (Europe PMC, first-hand abstracts)","source_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_rabbit_clinical_2026-08-01.txt","tokens_estimated":600,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}