{"topic_id":"evidence_exotic_fish_clinical","category":"evidence","context":"---\ntopic_id: evidence_exotic_fish_clinical\ncategory: evidence\ntitle: \"Evidence cluster — Aquarium fish (teleost fish) clinical cases (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search, first-hand peer-reviewed abstracts, pulled 2026-08-01\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_fish_clinical_2026-08-01.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-08-01\ntokens_estimated: 5020\nverification:\n method: substring_match\n claims: 12\n passed: 12\n date: 2026-08-01\nsource_document: \"Peer-reviewed Aquarium fish clinical-case literature (Europe PMC, first-hand abstracts)\"\ncitation:\n authority: \"Europe PMC\"\n title: \"Evidence cluster — Aquarium fish (teleost fish) clinical cases (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)\"\n url: \"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/\"\n retrieved: \"2026-08-01\"\n doc_type: \"first-hand abstracts (Europe PMC REST)\"\n needs_review: false\n---\n\n# Evidence: Aquarium fish (teleost fish) clinical cases\n\nSource: Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search — first-hand peer-reviewed abstract records, pulled 2026-08-01.\nQueries covered clinical case reports and case series for teleost fish.\nThe cluster returns **12** representative clinical cases with abstracts below. Abstract text is verbatim from source; each case is traceable by PMID.\n\n## Studies\n- **PMID 42188959 (2026, Veterinary sciences)** — Systemic Granulomatous Mycobacteriosis in Orbiculate Batfish (<i>Platax orbicularis</i>) Associated with <i>Mycobacterium marinum</i>-like Organism in an Aquarium in South Korea.. Abstract (opening): In this report, we describe systemic granulomatous mycobacteriosis in an orbiculate batfish from an aquarium in South Korea. Gross examination of the deceased fish showed multifocal nodular lesions in multiple internal organs including the gills, spleen, and kidney. Histopathological analysis demonstrated severe chronic systemic granulomatous inflammation, and Ziehl-Neelsen staining highlighted abundant intralesional acid-fast bacilli. Molecular analysis based on partial sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and heat shock protein 65 (hsp65) genes showed that the detected organism was most closely related to Mycobacterium marinum. Because the molecular analysis was performed using partial sequences obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, definitive species-level identification was not possible. This case represents systemic granulomatous mycobacteriosis associated with a Mycobacterium marinum-like organism in orbiculate batfish in an aquarium in South Korea and emphasizes the need for continuous disease surveillance and improved diagnostic awareness of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in ornamental and public aquarium fish.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42188959/\n- **PMID 42256938 (2026, Clinical case reports)** — Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis in a Young Woman With Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: A Case Report of an Atypical Presentation Associated With an Ultra-Rare CACNA1S Variant.. Abstract (opening): Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (hKPP) is a rare neuromuscular channelopathy characterized by transient episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis associated with low serum potassium levels. It has been most commonly linked to autosomal dominant mutations in ion channel genes, specifically CACNA1S and SCN4A, which impair skeletal muscle excitability. Although hKPP typically presents in adolescent males with a positive family history, atypical cases in women may be underrecognized due to milder or less frequent attacks and non-specific symptoms between episodes. We present the case of a 31-year-old female with a history of confirmed mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) and no family history of similar symptoms, who presented with episodes of weakness, muscle cramps, and presyncope, typically triggered by high-carbohydrate meals or exercise. During one of these attacks, she was found to have severe hypokalemia. Although mast cell activation syndrome can also cause weakness and hypokalemia with certain triggers, this patient did not experience flushing or urticaria during the episodes. Given her atypical presentation, including weakness rather than flaccid paralysis commonly seen in hKPP, and the absence of typical symptoms of MCAS, genetic testing was performed. This revealed an ultra-rare heterozygous variant in the CACNA1S gene (NM_000069.3: c.3844G > T; p.A1282S), classified as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS). When aligning protein sequences, Alanine at amino acid position 1282 is evolutionary conserved among species (human, mouse, bovine, whale); however, no functional studies on A1282S exist. In conclusion, maintaining a high index of suspicion for hKPP in patients presenting with nonspecific fatigue or weakness associated with hypokalemia and identifiable triggers is important. Although genetic testing is not always required, in cases with autosomal dominant inheritance, it can be useful in patients without family history, nonspecific symptoms or when the differential diagnosis remains challenging.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42256938/\n- **PMID 41189540 (2026, Molecular ecology resources)** — eDNAmap: A Metabarcoding Web Tool for Comparing Marine Biodiversity, With Special Reference to Teleost Fish.. Abstract (opening): Marine environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding data are beginning to accumulate, even for remote and poorly studied areas, such as marine environments. These data enable us to identify distributions of target organisms and then to compare biological compositions between different marine areas. However, there is no platform to effectively utilise and accumulate these data. In this study, we developed eDNAmap, a web-based platform designed to analyse and store marine eDNA metabarcoding data. By uploading species or sequence composition data with location information, eDNAmap users can automatically (1) plot sampling locations on a map, (2) generate a heatmap to evaluate potential batch effects arising from methodological differences and (3) perform nonmetric multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses using similarity indices. Furthermore, users can specify scientific names to display species distributions and upload species lists to assess species compositions of the target sea area. As an example, fish sequence composition data obtained from 55 stations around the Watase line-believed to exist along a geographic canyon known as the Tokara Gap-were used to verify its existence using eDNAmap. The platform includes a database primarily consisting of teleost fish data from the Northwestern Pacific, which users can analyse similarly to their own uploads. Although originally designed for fish, eDNAmap is flexible enough to handle data from other marine organisms. Analysing multiple taxa enables the detection of concordant biogeographic patterns across different groups, which can strengthen ecological interpretations and lay the groundwork for identifying environmental drivers shaping community structures. eDNAmap is available at https://github.com/jun-inoue/eDNAmap.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41189540/\n- **PMID 42262143 (2026, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America)** — Evaluating species at risk in data-limited fisheries: A productivity-susceptibility analysis for marine aquarium fish.. Abstract (opening): The marine aquarium trade (MAT) is a significant global industry harvesting millions of wild-caught, live coral reef fishes for public and private aquaria markets in the United States and Europe annually, while supporting fisher livelihoods in the Indo-Pacific. This diverse and species-rich trade is considered data-limited, creating barriers to quantifying the current and future socio-ecological sustainability of the fishery. We present a revised and expanded productivity-susceptibility analysis (PSA) that serves as a holistic risk assessment to estimate the vulnerability of marine aquarium fish to overfishing. Our global analysis includes 306 species that are actively in trade. Improvements to the PSA framework from previous research including novel susceptibility factors, methods to overcome missing data for individual species factors, and assessing a large, diverse group of marine fish under a single, targeted assessment framework. Our results show that an overwhelming 81.4% of species evaluated fall into the least or moderately vulnerable classification, while the remaining species (n = 57) have higher vulnerability scores designating them as high priority for localized assessment and management initiatives. Most teleost fish in the trade are considered sustainable, while eels and elasmobranchs have the highest vulnerability scores. A comparative case study between our PSA and the popular FishBase vulnerability tool illustrates how the latter can be ill-suited to handle the data limitations common to nonfood fishes. Our study demonstrates how the PSA is a robust, data-limited fishery assessment to prioritize species in the MAT for further assessment, monitoring, and management.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42262143/\n- **PMID 42182033 (2026, Frontiers in microbiology)** — Antibiotic use in Chilean salmon aquaculture: antimicrobial resistance, sustainability, and One Health implications.. Abstract (opening): Aquaculture has expanded rapidly over recent decades, positioning salmon farming as a major contributor to global food security while intensifying concern over antimicrobial use and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Chile, the world's second-largest producer of farmed salmon, represents a critical case study because of its historically high dependence on antibiotics, particularly florfenicol and oxytetracycline. This dependence is driven largely by the endemic burden of salmon rickettsial syndrome (SRS), caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, for which currently available vaccines have shown limited and inconsistent effectiveness under commercial farming conditions. In this review, we examine antimicrobial use patterns, resistance dynamics, environmental dissemination, and regulatory frameworks associated with Chilean salmon aquaculture within a One Health perspective. We show how intensive production systems, persistent disease pressure, and operational constraints have favored a predominance of metaphylactic treatments delivered through medicated feed. Although operationally feasible, this strategy entails major biological and ecological drawbacks, including heterogeneous drug exposure, unnecessary treatment of clinically healthy fish, and sustained selective pressure on microbial communities associated with fish, sediments, and surrounding aquatic environments. We further argue that antimicrobial dependence in Chilean salmon aquaculture is sustained by multiscale drivers that extend beyond pathogen burden alone. These include the structure of an export-oriented production model, the mismatch between long production cycles and prolonged disease susceptibility, incomplete incorporation of host resistance into preventive strategies, and the destabilizing effects of environmental stressors such as harmful algal blooms and low-oxygen conditions. Although acquired resistance in major salmon pathogens remains limited and, in some cases, mechanistically unresolved, aquaculture-associated microbiota constitute important reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Mobile genetic elements linked to aquaculture environments have also been detected in opportunistic and clinically relevant human pathogens, highlighting ecological connectivity and broader public health relevance beyond farm boundaries. We conclude that reducing antibiotic dependence in Chilean salmon aquaculture will require a transition toward preventive, biologically informed, and data-driven health management, supported by improved vaccine performance against SRS, integrated genomic and environmental surveillance, and regulatory thresholds grounded in robust biological evidence.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42182033/\n- **PMID 41878422 (2026, Frontiers in immunology)** — Cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein: a versatile negative regulator of cytokine receptor signaling.. Abstract (opening): Cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH) was the founding member of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of negative regulators. However, the subsequent elucidation of the physiological roles of CISH has been a slow process, reflecting its often subtle basal functions. Here we provide a narrative review of the literature highlighting the niche roles played by CISH principally in the control of cytokine signaling that impacts immune, blood and other cells. CISH regulates T cell production, polarization and activation through interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and the T cell receptor (TCR), natural killer (NK) cell production and activation via IL-15, generation and/or activation of neutrophil, dendritic cell (DC) and macrophage populations through granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), erythrocyte production via erythropoietin (EPO), and appetite control through leptin. Many of these roles are performed by CISH in concert with other SOCS proteins, providing additional complexity. CISH has also been identified in the etiology of several human diseases, particularly immune disorders, such as allergy and susceptibility to infectious disease, as well as a potential target to augment immunotherapy.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41878422/\n- **PMID 40001054 (2025, BMC veterinary research)** — Aeromonas characteristics in Iran, Southwest Asia; a systematic review and meta-analysis on epidemiology, reservoirs and antibiotic resistance profile from aquatic environments to human society during 2000-2023.. Abstract (opening): Background
As recent evidence shows the prevalence and transmission of Aeromonas species in Southwest Asia, and there is no updated information on the characteristics of Aeromonas in Iran, we conducted this review. We systematically searched biomedical databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, SID, ISC, and Google Scholar) to identify relevant studies investigating the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and main reservoirs of Aeromonas in aquatic animals and human clinical specimens during 2000-2023 in Iran. Cochrane's Q test and I^2 statistical test was used to assess heterogeneity, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and random effects tests.Results
In Iran, among 8347 human clinical samples and 1802 animal and food samples, only 87 (1.04%) and 388 (21.53%) samples were positive for Aeromonas spp. respectively, and the most isolated species was A. hydrophila. The main reservoir for Aeromonas spp. were twenty-four genera of aquatic animals besides minced meat, pigeon stool and chicken meat. In Iran, Aeromonas spp. isolates showed maximum resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid and vancomycin. The heterogeneity test for prevalence of Aeromonas species on human samples and animals or food products was significant (88.1256, (5), P-value < 0.0001) and the heterogeneity rate was 97.34% with a confidence interval of 0.2-4.3 and (194.02, (10), P-value < 0.0001) and the heterogeneity rate was 94.85% with a confidence interval of 15,124 - 33,335 respectively.Conclusions
According to these results, it is essential for exclusive attention to the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas in different provinces of Iran. Furthermore, special planning should be done for prevention, outbreak control and proper treatment of infections in the aquaculture industry and human societies.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40001054/\n- **PMID 40519665 (2025, Case reports in women's health)** — First-trimester ultrasound diagnosis of sirenomelia: A case report.. Abstract (opening): Sirenomelia is a rare congenital malformation characterized by the fusion of the lower limbs and is generally associated with severe multisystem anomalies. Advances in prenatal imaging have significantly improved the ability to diagnose this condition early in pregnancy, allowing for timely counseling and management. We report the case of a 37-year-old woman who was referred at 13 weeks of gestation for first-trimester combined screening. Ultrasound revealed a single viable fetus with hallmark features of sirenomelia. The diagnosis was confirmed on postmortem after termination of pregnancy at 16 weeks of gestation. Postmortem radiographic imaging and genetic analysis ruled out chromosomal abnormalities, supporting a sporadic etiology. This case highlights the value of antenatal ultrasonography, which has high sensitivity for the diagnosis of sirenomelia, a rare condition with a poor prognosis. Earlier diagnosis allows for proactive, patient-centred counseling and management.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40519665/\n- **PMID 40665361 (2025, Journal of medical case reports)** — A mixed immediate and delayed allergy to oral vitamin D supplementation: a case report.. Abstract (opening): Background
Vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide and of particular concern for populations at higher latitudes, including those in developed areas such as Australia. The role of vitamin D in modulating bone health and the immune system is well recognized. Patients frequently have vitamin D deficiency identified and managed in the primary healthcare setting. Despite the high prevalence of use in Australia, allergies to supplemental vitamin D are uncommon.Case presentation
The case presented here is a 53-year-old Caucasian female of Northern European ancestry, with a history of asthma and irritable bowel syndrome who was prescribed supplemental vitamin D. She experienced dyspepsia and stomach cramps within minutes of ingesting a vitamin D supplement. An alternative formulation of vitamin D produced similar gastrointestinal effects, worsening asthma and a rash. The results of the investigations were unremarkable except for mildly elevated total immunoglobulin levels. The patient was referred to an allergy clinic where a diagnosis of vitamin D hypersensitivity, with features of both immunoglobulin-E-mediated (type 1) and T-cell (type 4)-mediated pathways, was made. A desensitization program was commenced using a modified Australian protocol. During the 18-week course, the patient was exposed to increasing doses of vitamin D, and after 6 months, a daily dose of 1000 IU was tolerated. She continues to use daily antihistamines and avoids foods rich in vitamin D.Conclusion
This case report highlights a rare likely allergic reaction to supplemental vitamin D. The patient was never known to have supratherapeutic levels of vitamin D, but her history of atopy may increase the likelihood of an immune-mediated response to the supplement. While skin sensitivity testing was negative, a provocation test and the Naranjo scoring system indicated that a \"probable\" allergy occurred. Vitamin D deficiency is easily detected in primary healthcare, and oral supplementation is usually a safe and effective means to restore blood levels. While reactions to vitamin D supplementation in normal doses are rare, an allergic cause should be considered when there are no other likely precipitants. Personalized, carefully supervised, desensitization to vitamin D may enable the resumption of supplementation and help prevent unnecessary morbidity and mortality from vitamin D deficiency.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40665361/\n- **PMID 41229695 (2025, Ecology and evolution)** — Extremely Small Clutch Size and Juvenile Survival in a Social Cichlid of an African Great Lake.. Abstract (opening): Neolamprologus buescheri, a cooperatively breeding cichlid fish endemic to Lake Tanganyika, exhibits one of the slowest life histories documented among teleost fish. With remarkably small clutch sizes ranging from one to seven eggs (median = 3) and exceptionally high juvenile survival rates of over 50% within two months, this species deviates significantly from typical fish reproductive patterns. Its slow somatic growth, prolonged parental care, and occupation of deep-water habitats place it at the extreme end of the fast-slow life-history continuum among fish.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41229695/\n- **PMID 42005339 (2025, Veterinary evidence)** — Do opioids provide adequate analgesia for surgical coeliotomy in teleost fish?. Abstract (opening): Pico question
For teleost fish undergoing surgical coeliotomy, do intramuscular exogenous opioids reduce perioperative pain, compared with no analgesia?Clinical bottom line
Category of research
Treatment.Number and type of study designs reviewed
Four studies were critically reviewed. All were randomised controlled trials, 2 with a parallel group design, and 2 with a factorial crossover group design.Strength of evidence
Moderate.Outcomes reported
The studies produced contradicting results regarding the analgesic efficacy of opioids perioperatively, with some evidence of pain alleviation when assessing behavioural parameters, but not when assessing clinical pathology or quantitative cardioventilatory data.Conclusion
Perioperative use of opioids for teleost fish undergoing invasive surgical procedures may reduce behavioural changes associated with pain compared with no analgesia, but there is insufficient evidence to determine if they provide adequate pain relief based on the study methodologies.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42005339/\n- **PMID 41404115 (2025, Frontiers in veterinary science)** — Detection of <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i> (Ichthyophthiriidae) in two wild amphibian species.. Abstract (opening): Emerging infectious diseases are one of the main threats to global amphibian populations. Frogs and salamanders are already affected by various pathogens, including ranaviruses, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, B. salamandrivorans, and helminths. Here, we report the first confirmed cases of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a ciliate parasite traditionally considered fish-specific, infecting wild amphibian larvae in a natural setting. As part of a passive surveillance program in Catalonia, five dead amphibians (four S. salamandra larvae and one Rana temporaria post-metamorph) were collected from a freshwater spring and examined for common pathogens. All individuals tested negative for chytrid fungi and ranaviruses by qPCR. However, histological examination of gill tissue revealed the presence of I. multifiliis trophonts in three of the salamander metamorphs and in the frog post-metamorph. In addition, larvae of forty-two amphibians from other localities in Catalonia tested negative. The observed trophonts matched morphological features previously described in teleost infections, including their characteristic macronucleus and surface ciliation. Our results further validate the previous molecular detections and experimental evidence suggesting the parasite's potential for cross-taxon infection, raising concerns about the overlooked potential prevalence of I. multifiliis in wild amphibians. Given the increasing impact of climate change and habitat alteration on global freshwater ecosystems, this study highlights the importance of including I. multifiliis in amphibian disease monitoring programs.\n Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41404115/\n\nSource text: `pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_fish_clinical_2026-08-01.txt` (Europe PMC first-hand abstracts, pulled 2026-08-01).\n","sources":["Europe PMC — Evidence cluster — Aquarium fish (teleost fish) clinical cases (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC) (retrieved 2026-08-01)"],"source":{"authority":"Europe PMC","title":"Evidence cluster — Aquarium fish (teleost fish) clinical cases (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42188959/","retrieved":"2026-08-01","ref":"PMID 42188959","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"Peer-reviewed Aquarium fish clinical-case literature (Europe PMC, first-hand abstracts)","verification_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_fish_clinical_2026-08-01.txt"},"source_document":"Peer-reviewed Aquarium fish clinical-case literature (Europe PMC, first-hand abstracts)","source_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_fish_clinical_2026-08-01.txt","tokens_estimated":600,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}