{"topic_id":"evidence_exotic_betta_nutrition","category":"evidence","context":"---\ntopic_id: evidence_exotic_betta_nutrition\ncategory: evidence\ntitle: \"Pet betta (Betta splendens) — diet & nutrition — representative studies (Europe PMC)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"Europe PMC REST search (europepmc.org), query '(betta OR Betta splendens OR Siamese fighting fish) AND (diet OR nutrition OR feeding OR husbandry)', 4439 hits, pulled 2026-07-22\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_evidence_exotic_betta_nutrition_2026-07-22.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-07-22\ntokens_estimated: 260\nverification:\n  method: substring_match\n  claims: 30\n  passed: 30\n  date: 2026-07-22\n---\n\n# Pet betta (Betta splendens) — diet & nutrition — representative studies (Europe PMC)\nSource: Europe PMC REST search, query \"(betta OR Betta splendens OR Siamese fighting fish) AND (diet OR nutrition OR feeding OR husbandry)\", 4439 hits (2026-07-22). 6 representative studies below (filtered for species + nutrition relevance).\n\n1. PMID 41742729 — Retinoic acid production via the ray-finned fish gene bco1l is essential for juvenile development. (Genetics, 2026). Abstract (opening): In vertebrates, vitamin A (VA) is crucial for development, tissue homeostasis, vision, and immunity. Retinal, a form of VA, can be produced via enzymatic cleavage of β-carotene by \n2. PMID 40243806 — Hydroalcoholic extract of pitaya (Hylocereus guatemalensis) supplied in the diet for blue Betta splendens and its effects on fish pigmentation. (Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 2025). Abstract (opening): The experiment was conducted to evaluate the composition of the hydroalcoholic extract of pitaya bark (Hylocereus guatemalensis) and its effects on the diet of male blue Betta sple\n3. PMID 41424203 — Can online videos posted by hobbyists be useful for conservation and science? A YouTube case study of the reproduction of the endangered white-edged fighting fish, Betta albimarginata. (Journal of fish biology, 2026). Abstract (opening): The breeding aspects of white-edged fighting fish (Betta albimarginata) through YouTube videos were investigated in this study. Four videos were analysed for their coverage of key \n4. PMID 39553242 — Effect of Fish Meal Substitution with Black Soldier Fly ( (Aquaculture nutrition, 2023). Abstract (opening): Insects such as black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are gaining interest among researchers and the aquafeed industry due to the fluctuating price and supply of fish meal (FM). This stu\n5. PMID 37915084 — Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). (BMC zoology, 2023). Abstract (opening): The acute toxicity and sublethal effects of ammonia and nitrite on the air-beathing Siamese fighting fish, betta (Betta splendens) was studied for 96 h. The LC50 (50% Lethal Concen\n6. PMID 41386685 — Aspects of the Histopathology of Clarias gariepinus Infected With the Camallanid Parasite Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pseudolaeviconchus Moravec and Van As, 2015. (Journal of fish diseases, 2026). Abstract (opening): Histopathological studies of infections with the nematode Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pseudolaeviconchus Moravec and Van As, 2015, an intestinal parasite of Clarias gariepinus (B\n\nNote: study selection and synthesis are left to the API consumer; this topic only surfaces primary sources with verbatim abstract openings.\n\nSource text: `pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_evidence_exotic_betta_nutrition_2026-07-22.txt` (Europe PMC REST + PubMed efetch, 2026-07-22).\n","sources":[],"tokens_estimated":260,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}