{"topic_id":"evidence_equine_senior_geriatric_feed","category":"evidence","context":"---\ntopic_id: evidence_equine_senior_geriatric_feed\ncategory: evidence\ntitle: \"Pet horse — aged / senior / geriatric — diet & nutrition management (Europe PMC)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"Europe PMC REST search (europepmc.org), query '(aged horse OR senior horse OR geriatric horse OR old horse) AND (diet OR nutrition OR feed)', 11388 hits, pulled 2026-07-22\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_evidence_equine_senior_geriatric_feed_2026-07-22.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-07-22\ntokens_estimated: 260\nverification:\n  method: paraphrase\n  claims: 30\n  passed: 30\n  date: 2026-07-22\nsource_document: \"Veterinary / medical evidence (guideline or study) — PMID 41829021\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"Europe PMC\"\n  title: \"Pet horse — aged / senior / geriatric — diet & nutrition management (Europe PMC)\"\n  url: \"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41829021/\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-07-22\"\n  ref: \"PMID 41829021\"\n  doc_type: \"official PDF\"\n  needs_review: false\ncopyright_note: \"Mixed licensing per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3: Open Access (CC BY) studies retained verbatim with attribution; non-Open-Access studies paraphrased as derived fact summaries (numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten).\"\nlicense: mixed\nauthority_tier: T2\nauthority_tier_basis: \"T2:oa-repo\"\nauthority_tier_date: 2026-08-04\n---\n\n# Pet horse — aged / senior / geriatric — diet & nutrition management (Europe PMC)\n\nSource: Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search, query \"(aged horse OR senior horse OR geriatric horse OR old horse) AND (diet OR nutrition OR feed)\", 11388 hits (2026-07-22). Each entry is a first-hand peer-reviewed study; the abstract opening is quoted verbatim from the publisher abstract. 6 representative studies below (filtered for species + nutrition relevance).\n\n1. PMID 41829021 — *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* A German study (Animals, 2026) examined nutrition, housing, and overall care approaches for geriatric horses, noting that management changes mean more horses are kept into older age while age-specific management practices remain insufficiently developed. (Source excerpt truncated at abstract opening.)\n2. PMID 42193726 — Welfare Assessment in Equine-Assisted Service (EAS) Horses. (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026). Abstract (opening): Equine-Assisted Service (EAS) horses can be exposed to stressors that affect their behavior and welfare. Previous studies investigated behavioral and physiological indicators (PI)  *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*\n3. PMID 42071996 — Efficacy of an Oral Chondroprotective Joint Supplement on Stride Length and Gait Symmetry in Aged Geldings with Chronic Lameness. (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026). Abstract (opening): Oral joint supplements (OJSs), specifically those containing glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, are some of the most popular feed additives fed by horse owners. However, evidence *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*\n4. PMID 42278060 — The Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Horses' Nutrition-A Review. (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026). Abstract (opening): This narrative review presents examples of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in horse nutrition. Fats are essential in equine nutrition, serving not only as an energy source but  *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*\n5. PMID 42278111 — Management of Equine Post-Extraction Cheek Tooth Alveoli: Application of Alveolar Plugs. (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026). Abstract (opening): Preservation of dentition remains the primary goal of equine dentistry; however, cheek tooth extraction is required in cases of severe dental pathology. Following tooth extraction, *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*\n6. PMID 42003943 — Ethological and clinical evaluation of the welfare of horses in draft competitions in Spain. (Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026). Abstract (opening): Draft and pulling horses are used in a traditional equestrian sport in the Valencian Community (Spain), in which horses must pull a cart loaded with a weight equivalent to twice th *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*\n\nNote: study selection and synthesis are left to the API consumer; this topic only surfaces primary sources with verbatim abstract openings.\n\nSource text: `pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_evidence_equine_senior_geriatric_feed_2026-07-22.txt` (Europe PMC REST + PubMed efetch, 2026-07-22).\n\n## License & attribution\n\nMixed licensing per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3: Open Access (CC BY / CC BY-NC /\nCC BY-NC-ND) studies are reproduced verbatim with attribution under their specific\nCC license; non-Open-Access studies are paraphrased as derived fact summaries\n(numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten). Original records:\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41829021/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42003943/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42071996/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42193726/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42278060/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42278111/\n","sources":["Europe PMC — Pet horse — aged / senior / geriatric — diet & nutrition management (Europe PMC) (retrieved 2026-07-22)"],"source":{"authority":"Europe PMC","title":"Pet horse — aged / senior / geriatric — diet & nutrition management (Europe PMC)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41829021/","retrieved":"2026-07-22","ref":"PMID 41829021","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"Veterinary / medical evidence (guideline or study) — PMID 41829021","verification_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_evidence_equine_senior_geriatric_feed_2026-07-22.txt"},"source_document":"Veterinary / medical evidence (guideline or study) — PMID 41829021","source_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_evidence_equine_senior_geriatric_feed_2026-07-22.txt","trust":{"authority_tier":"T2","fidelity":"paraphrase","license":"mixed","display_grade":"B"},"tokens_estimated":260,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}