{"topic_id":"evidence_equine_metabolic_syndrome_diet","category":"evidence","context":"---\ntopic_id: evidence_equine_metabolic_syndrome_diet\ncategory: evidence\ntitle: \"Pet horse — equine metabolic syndrome / insulin dysregulation — diet & nutrition management (Europe PMC)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"Europe PMC REST search (europepmc.org), query '(equine metabolic syndrome OR insulin dysregulation) AND (horse) AND (diet OR nutrition OR management)', 614 hits, pulled 2026-07-22\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_evidence_equine_metabolic_syndrome_diet_2026-07-22.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-07-22\ntokens_estimated: 260\nverification:\n  method: paraphrase\n  claims: 30\n  passed: 30\n  date: 2026-07-22\nsource_document: \"Veterinary / medical evidence (guideline or study) — PMID 42278060\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"Europe PMC\"\n  title: \"Pet horse — equine metabolic syndrome / insulin dysregulation — diet & nutrition management (Europe PMC)\"\n  url: \"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42278060/\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-07-22\"\n  ref: \"PMID 42278060\"\n  doc_type: \"official PDF\"\n  needs_review: false\ncopyright_note: \"Mixed licensing per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3: Open Access (CC BY) studies retained verbatim with attribution; non-Open-Access studies paraphrased as derived fact summaries (numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten).\"\nlicense: mixed\nauthority_tier: T2\nauthority_tier_basis: \"T2:oa-repo\"\nauthority_tier_date: 2026-08-04\n---\n\n# Pet horse — equine metabolic syndrome / insulin dysregulation — diet & nutrition management (Europe PMC)\n\nSource: Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search, query \"(equine metabolic syndrome OR insulin dysregulation) AND (horse) AND (diet OR nutrition OR management)\", 614 hits (2026-07-22). Each entry is a first-hand peer-reviewed study; the abstract opening is quoted verbatim from the publisher abstract. 6 representative studies below (filtered for species + nutrition relevance).\n\n1. PMID 42278060 — The Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Horses' Nutrition-A Review. (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026). Abstract (opening): This narrative review presents examples of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in horse nutrition. Fats are essential in equine nutrition, serving not only as an energy source but  *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*\n2. PMID 42031305 — *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* A case report integrated clinical and RNA-seq findings in a mare with recurrent endocrinopathic laminitis linked to equine metabolic syndrome (EMS); EMS is characterized by insulin dysregulation and obesity that increase the risk of hyperinsulinemia-associated laminitis (HAL). (Source excerpt truncated at abstract opening.)\n3. PMID 41825767 — *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* A study in ponies examined temporal variation in incretin and insulin secretion in association with dietary macronutrients; equine insulin dysregulation predisposes to hyperinsulinemia-associated laminitis, and better pathophysiological understanding aids management. (Source excerpt truncated at abstract opening.)\n4. PMID 42456998 — *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* A study of grazing muzzles on insulin-dysregulated (ID) horses at pasture found short-term effects on insulin; management to mitigate insulin response and laminitis risk focuses on restricting pasture exposure and feeding low nonstructural-carbohydrate forage. (Source excerpt truncated at abstract opening.)\n5. PMID 41302145 — Forage Carbohydrate Profiles and Endocrine Morphometric Interactions in Traditionally Managed Horses from Romania. (Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025). Abstract (opening): Horses maintained under traditional management systems and dependent on natural forages are often exposed to seasonal and compositional variations that can affect metabolic homeost *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*\n6. PMID 42056832 — *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* Ertugliflozin reduced the insulin spike in non-insulin-dysregulated Standardbred horses following intra-articular triamcinolone administration; EMS horses are at increased laminitis risk after corticosteroid use, and ertugliflozin reduces hyperinsulinemia in EMS. (Source excerpt truncated at abstract opening.)\n\nNote: study selection and synthesis are left to the API consumer; this topic only surfaces primary sources with verbatim abstract openings.\n\nSource text: `pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_evidence_equine_metabolic_syndrome_diet_2026-07-22.txt` (Europe PMC REST + PubMed efetch, 2026-07-22).\n\n## License & attribution\n\nMixed licensing per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3: Open Access (CC BY / CC BY-NC /\nCC BY-NC-ND) studies are reproduced verbatim with attribution under their specific\nCC license; non-Open-Access studies are paraphrased as derived fact summaries\n(numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten). Original records:\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41302145/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41825767/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42031305/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42056832/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42278060/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42456998/\n","sources":["Europe PMC — Pet horse — equine metabolic syndrome / insulin dysregulation — diet & nutrition management (Europe PMC) (retrieved 2026-07-22)"],"source":{"authority":"Europe PMC","title":"Pet horse — equine metabolic syndrome / insulin dysregulation — diet & nutrition management (Europe PMC)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42278060/","retrieved":"2026-07-22","ref":"PMID 42278060","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"Veterinary / medical evidence (guideline or study) — PMID 42278060","verification_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_evidence_equine_metabolic_syndrome_diet_2026-07-22.txt"},"source_document":"Veterinary / medical evidence (guideline or study) — PMID 42278060","source_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_evidence_equine_metabolic_syndrome_diet_2026-07-22.txt","trust":{"authority_tier":"T2","fidelity":"paraphrase","license":"mixed","display_grade":"B"},"tokens_estimated":260,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}