{"topic_id":"evidence_equine_foal_growth_diet","category":"evidence","context":"---\ntopic_id: evidence_equine_foal_growth_diet\ncategory: evidence\ntitle: \"Foal / weanling / young growing horse — diet & nutrition (Europe PMC)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"Europe PMC REST search (europepmc.org), query '(foal OR weanling OR young horse OR growing horse) AND (diet OR nutrition OR growth OR feeding)', 137213 hits, pulled 2026-07-22\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_evidence_equine_foal_growth_diet_2026-07-22.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-07-22\ntokens_estimated: 260\nverification:\n  method: paraphrase\n  claims: 30\n  passed: 30\n  date: 2026-07-22\nsource_document: \"Veterinary / medical evidence (guideline or study) — PMID 42278060\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"Europe PMC\"\n  title: \"Foal / weanling / young growing horse — diet & nutrition (Europe PMC)\"\n  url: \"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42278060/\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-07-22\"\n  ref: \"PMID 42278060\"\n  doc_type: \"official PDF\"\n  needs_review: false\ncopyright_note: \"Mixed licensing per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3: Open Access (CC BY) studies retained verbatim with attribution; non-Open-Access studies paraphrased as derived fact summaries (numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten).\"\nlicense: mixed\nauthority_tier: T2\nauthority_tier_basis: \"T2:oa-repo\"\nauthority_tier_date: 2026-08-04\n---\n\n# Foal / weanling / young growing horse — diet & nutrition (Europe PMC)\n\nSource: Europe PMC (Europe PubMed Central) REST search, query \"(foal OR weanling OR young horse OR growing horse) AND (diet OR nutrition OR growth OR feeding)\", 137213 hits (2026-07-22). Each entry is a first-hand peer-reviewed study; the abstract opening is quoted verbatim from the publisher abstract. 6 representative studies below (filtered for species + nutrition relevance).\n\n1. PMID 42278060 — The Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Horses' Nutrition-A Review. (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026). Abstract (opening): This narrative review presents examples of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in horse nutrition. Fats are essential in equine nutrition, serving not only as an energy source but  *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*\n2. PMID 42151949 — *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* A 2026 BMC Veterinary Research study tested concentrates with different energy levels on growth, blood indicators, and fecal microbiota of Mongolian horses in late gestation; the excerpt is cut off after background on the history of horse breeding and management.\n3. PMID 42098815 — *[Paraphrased derived summary — non-Open-Access source.]* A 2026 BMC Veterinary Research study analyzed how citrulline supplementation affects mare's milk composition and fecal metabolism (via LC-MS and 16S amplicon sequencing), noting the lactation period critically influences foal health and later reproductive outcomes and that precise nutrition for lactating mares is needed; the excerpt is cut off before results.\n4. PMID 41304282 — Dietary Proline Supplementation Promotes Growth and Development in Weaned Foals by Modulating Gut Microbial Amino Acid Metabolism. (Microorganisms, 2025). Abstract (opening): This study investigated the effects of varying proline supplementation doses in weaned foals. Twenty-eight weaned foals (approximately 5 months of age; body weight: 54.45 ± 11.33 k *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*\n5. PMID 42193859 — Effects of Dietary Zinc Cysteamine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Physiological Responses, and Fecal Microbiota in Weaned Foals. (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026). Abstract (opening): Zn-CS chelate has shown beneficial effects on gut health and growth in piglets, but its impact on weaned foals remains largely unknown. This study evaluated the effects of dietary  *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*\n6. PMID 42028318 — Opportunities for agency in domestic horses: Applying the behavioural domain to increase equine welfare. (Animal welfare (South Mimms, England), 2026). Abstract (opening): Giving animals the opportunity to exercise agency can improve their welfare, but horse owners and researchers may not be aware of the growing body of agency research in other anima *[CC BY — Open Access, verbatim with attribution.]*\n\nNote: study selection and synthesis are left to the API consumer; this topic only surfaces primary sources with verbatim abstract openings.\n\nSource text: `pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_evidence_equine_foal_growth_diet_2026-07-22.txt` (Europe PMC REST + PubMed efetch, 2026-07-22).\n\n## License & attribution\n\nMixed licensing per COPYRIGHT_POLICY §3: Open Access (CC BY / CC BY-NC /\nCC BY-NC-ND) studies are reproduced verbatim with attribution under their specific\nCC license; non-Open-Access studies are paraphrased as derived fact summaries\n(numbers and proper nouns preserved, sentences rewritten). Original records:\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41304282/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42028318/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42098815/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42151949/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42193859/\n- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42278060/\n","sources":["Europe PMC — Foal / weanling / young growing horse — diet & nutrition (Europe PMC) (retrieved 2026-07-22)"],"source":{"authority":"Europe PMC","title":"Foal / weanling / young growing horse — diet & nutrition (Europe PMC)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42278060/","retrieved":"2026-07-22","ref":"PMID 42278060","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"Veterinary / medical evidence (guideline or study) — PMID 42278060","verification_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_evidence_equine_foal_growth_diet_2026-07-22.txt"},"source_document":"Veterinary / medical evidence (guideline or study) — PMID 42278060","source_file":"pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_evidence_equine_foal_growth_diet_2026-07-22.txt","trust":{"authority_tier":"T2","fidelity":"paraphrase","license":"mixed","display_grade":"B"},"tokens_estimated":260,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}