{"topic_id":"evidence_canine_cancer_lymphoma_diet","category":"evidence","context":"---\ntopic_id: evidence_canine_cancer_lymphoma_diet\ncategory: evidence\ntitle: \"Evidence cluster — nutrition in canine lymphoma (peer-reviewed, Europe PMC + PubMed)\"\nlang: en\nsource_file: pdf-raw/evidence/europepmc_canine_cancer_lymphoma_diet_2026-07-22.txt\nsource: Europe PMC REST search (first-hand PMIDs) + PubMed efetch verbatim abstracts, pulled 2026-07-22\ndate_parsed: 2026-07-22\nmodel: codebuddy\nbatch: P0-EVIDENCE-7\nverified: 2026-07-22 substring_match 24/24 claims passed\npath: evidence/evidence_canine_cancer_lymphoma_diet/01_canine_cancer_lymphoma_diet.md\n---\n## Representative peer-reviewed studies (verbatim abstracts)\n\nThe following studies were retrieved from Europe PMC / PubMed and are reproduced verbatim. Interpretive synthesis is left to the API user.\n\n### PMID:41593674 — Ovarian T-cell lymphoma in a dog with chronic protein-losing enteropathy.\n- Source: Acta Vet Scand 2026\n1. Acta Vet Scand. 2026 Jan 27;68(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s13028-025-00847-0.\n\nOvarian T-cell lymphoma in a dog with chronic protein-losing enteropathy.\n\nMortensen JK(1), Wikström E(2), van de Velde N(2).\n\nAuthor information:\n(1)Gothenburg Animal Hospital Evidensia, Produktvägen 5, 435 33, Mölnlycke, \nSweden. jacob.mortensen@evidensia.se.\n(2)Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, Swedish Veterinary Agency, \nUlls väg 2B, 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden.\n\nBACKGROUND: Lymphoma is one of the most common malignancies in dogs, but ovarian \nlymphoma is exceedingly rare, with only a few reported cases. Most canine \nlymphomas are of B-cell origin, whereas T-cell lymphomas are generally \nassociated with a more aggressive clinical course. Protein-losing enteropathy \n(PLE) is a well-documented cause of hypoalbuminemia in dogs, often resulting \nfrom lymphangiectasia or chronic enteropathies. The potential relationship \nbetween chronic immune-mediated disease and the development of lymphoma remains \nunclear.\nCASE PRESENTATION: A 10-year-old intact female Miniature Poodle presented with \nchronic diarrhea, ascites and hypoalbuminemia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed \nsevere intestinal mucosal striation, consistent with PLE, but no evidence of \nneoplasia. The dog was treated with methylprednisolone, chlorambucil, and \ncyclosporine, achieving long-term clinical stability. Fourteen months after \ninitial presentation, the dog developed acute gastrointestinal signs, and \nultrasound revealed an ovarian mass. Cytology, histopathology, and \nimmunohistochemistry confirmed a diagnosis of ovarian T-cell lymphoma. No other \nneoplastic lesions were detected at that time raising the possibility of a \nprimary ovarian origin, though widespread disease at necropsy suggests secondary \ninvolvement. The dog remained clinically stable for five months after lymphoma \ndiagnosis but ultimately developed widespread disease, including hepatic, \nsplenic, and adrenal involvement, leading to euthanasia. Necropsy confirmed \nmulti-organ dissemination of the T-cell lymphoma, while histopathology of the \nintestines revealed signs of chronic lymphangiectasia but no definitive \ndiagnosis of intestinal lymphoma.\nCONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of extranodal \nlymphoma in dogs and the importance of considering neoplasia in cases of chronic \nprotein-losing enteropathy. The potential role of chronic inflammation and \nlong-term immunosuppressive therapy in lymphomagenesis remains unclear and \nwarrants further study.\n\n© 2025. The Author(s).\n\nDOI: 10.1186/s13028-025-00847-0\nPMCID: PMC12837353\nPMID: 41593674 [Indexed for MEDLINE]\n\nConflict of interest statement: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to \nparticipate: This study did not require official or institutional ethical \napproval. The animal was handled according to high ethical standards and \nnational legislation. Consent for publication: The authors have obtained consent \nfrom the dog owner to perform the autopsy and publish the case. Prior \npublication: Data have not been published previously. Competing interests: The \nauthors declare that they have no competing interests.\n- Abstract (verbatim excerpt): \nJOURNAL:Acta Vet Scand 2026\n1. Acta Vet Scand. 2026 Jan 27;68(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s13028-025-00847-0.\n\nOvarian T-cell lymphoma in a dog with chronic protein-losing enteropathy.\n\nMortensen JK(1), Wikst\n\n### PMID:42052348 — Genotoxic exposures to volatile organic compounds in golden retrievers with and without multicentric lymphoma.\n- Source: Front Vet Sci 2026\n1. Front Vet Sci. 2026 Apr 13;13:1783854. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1783854. \neCollection 2026.\n\nGenotoxic exposures to volatile organic compounds in golden retrievers with and \nwithout multicentric lymphoma.\n\nTindle AN(1), Krueger LM(1), Swafford B(2), Labadie J(2), Trepanier LA(1).\n\nAuthor information:\n(1)Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, \nUnited States.\n(2)Scientific Programs Department, Morris Animal Foundation, Denver, CO, United \nStates.\n\nCanine multicentric lymphoma is a common cancer in dogs with poor long-term \noutcomes. In people, non-Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with volatile organic \ncompounds (VOCs), but this risk is not clear for lymphoma in dogs. The objective \nof this study was to investigate whether dogs with lymphoma were more likely to \nbe exposed to DNA-damaging concentrations of VOCs compared to unaffected \ncontrols. We measured stable urinary metabolites of the VOCs benzene, xylene, \nand 1,3-butadiene in golden retrievers with multicentric lymphoma and matched \nunaffected controls at 2 time points: the time of diagnosis and 1 year prior. We \nthen determined genotoxic effects for xylene and bioactivated benzene in canine \nperipheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro and compared them to in vivo \nblood concentrations estimated using reverse dosimetry. All dogs had detectible \nurinary concentrations of the benzene metabolites PHMA and MUCA, the xylene \nmetabolite 34MHA, and 1,3-butadiene metabolites MHB3 and DHBM, with no \ndifferences between cases and controls. Six of 30 cases and none of 30 controls \nwere positive for urinary cotinine, a marker of secondhand smoke (p = 0.028), \nbut urinary VOC concentrations did not differ between cotinine-positive and \n-negative dogs. Bioactivated benzene was genotoxic to canine PBMCs at ≥ 10 uM \nand xylene was genotoxic at ≥ 0.5 uM. Estimated blood benzene and xylene \nconcentrations reached genotoxic exposures in most dogs. These results support a \nrecommendation to reduce VOC exposures in pet dogs, for example by using \nactivated carbon indoor air filtration units rated for VOC removal.\n\nCopyright © 2026 Tindle, Krueger, Swafford, Labadie and Trepanier.\n\nDOI: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1783854\nPMCID: PMC13111026\nPMID: 42052348\n\nConflict of interest statement: The author(s) declared that this work was \nconducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could \nbe construed as a potential conflict of interest.\n- Abstract (verbatim excerpt): \nJOURNAL:Front Vet Sci 2026\n1. Front Vet Sci. 2026 Apr 13;13:1783854. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2026.1783854. \neCollection 2026.\n\nGenotoxic exposures to volatile organic compounds in golden retrievers with a\n\n### PMID:41030417 — Successful management of inadvertent intravenous administration of enteral feed in a dog.\n- Source: Can Vet J 2025\n1. Can Vet J. 2025 Oct 1;66(10):1053-1056. eCollection 2025 Oct.\n\nSuccessful management of inadvertent intravenous administration of enteral feed \nin a dog.\n\nNugen S(1), Walton R(1), Hyde B(1).\n\nAuthor information:\n(1)VCA West Los Angeles Animal Hospital, Emergency and Critical Care (Nugen, \nWalton); VCA West Los Angeles Animal Hospital (Hyde).\n\nAn 11-year-old spayed female terrier mix dog weighing 6.38 kg was presented to \nthe emergency department of a large specialty hospital for hyporexia and \nlethargy. The dog was diagnosed with a perforated duodenal mass. On exploratory \nlaparotomy, a perforated mass along the duodenal flexure was identified, an \nintestinal resection and anastomosis was performed, and a nasogastric tube was \nplaced. Two days after surgery, the dog erroneously received 16 mL of a \ncommercially formulated liquid diet through a triple-lumen jugular catheter. \nWhen the medical error was detected, 4 mL of diet and blood was aspirated from \nthe jugular catheter. The catheter tip and a sample of the diet were submitted \nfor culture. Culture results of the catheter revealed no growth, but the food \ngrew methicillin-resistant staphylococcus. At 5 d following the inadvertent \nadministration, the dog was discharged on clindamycin 11 mg/kg, q12h and \ncefpodoxime 7.5 mg/kg, PO, q12h for 10 d. Histopathology of small intestinal \nmass was consistent with large cell lymphoma. The dog was re-evaluated 2 wk \nfollowing surgery and was doing well. Key clinical message: Inadvertent \nintravenous administration of enteral feed is a serious medical error; however, \nthis case report serves to describe a successful outcome.\n\nPublisher: Prise en charge réussie d’une administration intraveineuse \naccidentelle d’aliment entéral chez un chienUne chienne croisée terrier \nstérilisée, âgée de 11 ans et pesant 6,38 kg, a été présentée aux urgences d’un \ngrand hôpital spécialisé pour hyporexie et léthargie. Une masse duodénale \nperforée a été diagnostiquée. Une laparotomie exploratoire a permis d’identifier \nune masse perforée le long de la courbure duodénale. Une résection et une \nanastomose intestinales ont été réalisées, et une sonde nasogastrique a été mise \nen place. Deux jours après l’intervention, la chienne a reçu par erreur 16 mL \nd’un aliment liquide de formule commerciale par cathéter jugulaire à triple \nlumière. Lorsque l’erreur médicale a été détectée, 4 mL d’aliment et de sang ont \nété aspirés du cathéter jugulaire. L’extrémité du cathéter et un échantillon de \nl’aliment ont été soumis pour une culture. Les résultats de la culture du \ncathéter n’ont révélé aucune croissance, mais un staphylocoque résistant à la \nméthicilline a été isolé de l’aliment. Cinq jours après l’administration \naccidentelle, le chien a obtenu son congé de l’hôpital avec prise de \nclindamycine 11 mg/kg toutes les 12 h et céfpodoxime 7,5 mg/kg, PO, toutes les \n12 h pendant 10 jours. L’histopathologie de la masse intestinale était \ncompatible avec un lymphome à grandes cellules. Le chien a été réévalué 2 \nsemaines après l’intervention et se portait bien.Message clinique clé \n:L’administration intraveineuse accidentelle d’alimentation entéral est une \nerreur médicale grave; cependant, ce cas clinique décrit une issue \nfavorable.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).\n\nCopyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical \nAssociation.\n\nPMCID: PMC12477732\nPMID: 41030417 [Indexed for MEDLINE]\n- Abstract (verbatim excerpt): \nJOURNAL:Can Vet J 2025\n1. Can Vet J. 2025 Oct 1;66(10):1053-1056. eCollection 2025 Oct.\n\nSuccessful management of inadvertent intravenous administration of enteral feed \nin a dog.\n\nNugen S(1), Walton\n\n### PMID:41473101 — Case Report: Dose-dependent response to oclacitinib in a dog with Sézary syndrome.\n- Source: Front Vet Sci 2025\n1. Front Vet Sci. 2025 Dec 15;12:1645059. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1645059. \neCollection 2025.\n\nCase Report: Dose-dependent response to oclacitinib in a dog with Sézary \nsyndrome.\n\nLym J(1), Chae Y(1), Kim S(2), Lee S(1), Koo Y(3), Kim H(1), Kang BT(1), Kim \nS(2), Yun T(1).\n\nAuthor information:\n(1)Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, \nChungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.\n(2)Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Platelet Signaling, College of \nVeterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic \nof Korea.\n(3)Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, \nKyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.\n\nCutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (CETL) is a rare malignant canine skin \ntumor. Sézary syndrome, a rare and aggressive subtype of CETL, lacks established \ntreatment guidelines in veterinary medicine. A 10-year-old, spayed female \nYorkshire Terrier presented with multiple skin nodules, plaques, crusts, and \npruritus. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations confirmed CETL, \nand Sézary cells were identified in a peripheral blood smear, confirming Sézary \nsyndrome. The dog was initially treated with oclacitinib 0.7 mg/kg twice daily. \nMarked clinical improvement was observed on day 15 with the disappearance of \nSézary cells. However, by day 32, the skin lesions had worsened, and the \noclacitinib dose was increased to 3 mg/kg twice daily. Subsequent improvements \nwere noted within 12 days, although a relapse occurred on day 63. \nImmunohistochemical staining revealed moderate and diffuse cytoplasmic and \nnuclear expression of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), an oclacitinib target. This case \ndemonstrated that both low- and high-dose oclacitinib may offer temporary \nclinical benefits in dogs with Sézary syndrome, potentially via JAK1 inhibition. \nAlthough the duration of the response was limited, the survival period exceeded \nthat of previously reported canine cases of Sézary syndrome. These findings \nsupport further investigation of Janus kinase inhibitors as therapeutic options \nfor Sézary syndrome and other forms of CETL in veterinary patients.\n\nCopyright © 2025 Lym, Chae, Kim, Lee, Koo, Kim, Kang, Kim and Yun.\n\nDOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1645059\nPMCID: PMC12745446\nPMID: 41473101\n\nConflict of interest statement: The author(s) declared that this work was \nconducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could \nbe construed as a potential conflict of interest.\n- Abstract (verbatim excerpt): \nJOURNAL:Front Vet Sci 2025\n1. Front Vet Sci. 2025 Dec 15;12:1645059. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1645059. \neCollection 2025.\n\nCase Report: Dose-dependent response to oclacitinib in a dog with Sézary \nsyn\n\n### PMID:41582069 — Dietary management of normoalbuminaemic canine chronic enteropathies.\n- Source: J Small Anim Pract 2026\n1. J Small Anim Pract. 2026 Jun;67(6):492-503. doi: 10.1111/jsap.70089. Epub 2026\n Jan 25.\n\nDietary management of normoalbuminaemic canine chronic enteropathies.\n\nKathrani A(#)(1), Allenspach K(2), Dito D(3), Hernandez J(4)(5), Unterer S(6), \nVecchio M(3), Webb C(7), Tolbert MK(#)(8).\n\nAuthor information:\n(1)Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, \nHertfordshire, UK.\n(2)Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary \nMedicine, Athens, Georgia, USA.\n(3)Royal Canin Research Centre, Aimargues, France.\n(4)Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary \nMedicine and Food Sciences, Oniris VetAgroBio Nantes, Nantes, France.\n(5)Microbiota Interaction With Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, \nInstitut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et \nl'Environnement, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.\n(6)Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of \nZurich, Zurich, Switzerland.\n(7)Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical \nSciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.\n(8)Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, \nSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, \nCollege Station, Texas, USA.\n(#)Contributed equally\n\nDietary management represents the cornerstone of treatment for chronic \nenteropathy in dogs, with approximately 50% of cases in referral practice \nresponding to dietary intervention alone. Success rates improve significantly \nwhen multiple systematic diet trials are implemented. Clinical experience \nsuggests that dogs with suboptimal response to dietary therapy alone should be \nmaintained on their most effective diet while additional therapies are \nintroduced, potentially reducing medication requirements and associated adverse \neffects. Treatment decisions should prioritise individual patient assessment and \nthorough documentation of responses to each dietary intervention rather than \nadherence to arbitrary trial protocols. Currently, the literature lacks unified \nnutritional recommendations for canine chronic enteropathy management. This \nreview aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for the nutritional \nmanagement of chronic enteropathy in dogs. Recommendations were derived from \nreview of available studies, supplemented by expert clinical experience where \npublished evidence was insufficient. While individual diet selection remains \nlargely guided by empirical evidence, the recommendations presented herein, \nbased on collective clinical expertise, offer a structured approach to optimise \ntherapeutic outcomes in canine chronic enteropathy.\n\n© 2026 The Author(s). Journal of Small Animal Practice published by John Wiley & \nSons Ltd on behalf of British Small Animal Veterinary Association.\n\nDOI: 10.1111/jsap.70089\nPMCID: PMC13244424\nPMID: 41582069 [Indexed for MEDLINE]\n\nConflict of interest statement: Drs. Kathrani, Allenspach, Hernandez, Webb, \nUnterer and Tolbert are members of the Royal Canin GI Scientific Advisory Board. \nDr. Tolbert has received honoraria and/or paid travel expenses for speaking \nengagements on behalf of Royal Canin, Hill’s, Nestle Purina, Purina Institute \nand TikiCat and has received funding from Royal Canin and Nestle Purina for \nscientific research. Dr. Allenspach has received paid travel expenses from \nNestle Purina. Dr. Kathrani has received honoraria from Nestle Purina, Purina \nInstitute, Royal Canin and Hill’s and has received funding from Waltham, Royal \nCanin and Nestle Purina for scientific research. Dr. Unterer has received \nhonoraria and travel expenses from Nestle Purina and Hill’s. Drs. Hernandez and \nTolbert have received funding from Royal Canin for scientific research. Drs. \nVecchio and Dito are employees of Royal Canin. Dr Kathrani is an associate \neditor of the Journal of Small Animal Practice and a co‐author of this article. \nShe was excluded from editorial decision‐making related to the acceptance of \nthis article for publication in this journal.\n- Abstract (verbatim excerpt): \nJOURNAL:J Small Anim Pract 2026\n1. J Small Anim Pract. 2026 Jun;67(6):492-503. doi: 10.1111/jsap.70089. Epub 2026\n Jan 25.\n\nDietary management of normoalbuminaemic canine chronic enteropathies.\n\nKath\n\n### PMID:42004781 — Secondhand smoke and e-cigarette aerosol exposure in dogs and cats: A scoping review with implications for smoking cessation among pet owners.\n- Source: Tob Prev Cessat 2026\n1. Tob Prev Cessat. 2026 Apr 16;12. doi: 10.18332/tpc/217790. eCollection 2026.\n\nSecondhand smoke and e-cigarette aerosol exposure in dogs and cats: A scoping \nreview with implications for smoking cessation among pet owners.\n\nCerquetella M(1), Zagà V(2), Gardi V(3), Marchegiani A(1), Vitturini C(1), \nCattaruzza MS(4).\n\nAuthor information:\n(1)School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, \nCamerino, Italy.\n(2)Independent Researcher, Bologna, Italy.\n(3)Department of Legal Studies, Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, \nand Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy.\n(4)Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, \nRome, Italy.\n\nINTRODUCTION: The harmful effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) on human health are \nwell established, whereas its impact on pets remains underexplored and less \nwidely recognized by both the scientific community and the general public. This \nscoping review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the health effects of SHS \nand electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosol exposure in dogs and cats.\nMETHODS: An in-depth PubMed search was conducted using predefined keywords, \nlimited to free full texts in English with available abstracts and relevance to \nthe topic.\nRESULTS: Twenty-six eligible articles were analyzed. Of the 11 studies \ninvestigating cancers, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases in dogs and \ncats, over half reported statistically significant associations with SHS. \nBiomarkers such as cotinine were identified in serum, urine, fur, and amniotic \nfluid, confirming that pets are not only passive recipients of human \nenvironmental exposures but may also serve as environmental sentinels within a \nOne Health framework. No eligible studies addressed e-cigarette aerosol in pets, \nbut human data indicate potential risks. Notably, awareness of SHS risks to pets \nmay motivate owners to adopt smoke-free behaviors.\nCONCLUSIONS: Despite some inconsistencies, available evidence supports the \nharmful effects of SHS in pets. Veterinary and public health professionals can \nleverage these findings to raise awareness and promote smoking cessation, \nintegrating pet welfare into tobacco control strategies. Further studies are \nneeded to standardize exposure assessment and evaluate long-term health effects.\n\n© 2026 Cerquetella M. et al.\n\nDOI: 10.18332/tpc/217790\nPMCID: PMC13085830\nPMID: 42004781\n\nConflict of interest statement: The authors have completed and submitted the \nICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and none was \nreported.\n- Abstract (verbatim excerpt): \nJOURNAL:Tob Prev Cessat 2026\n1. Tob Prev Cessat. 2026 Apr 16;12. doi: 10.18332/tpc/217790. eCollection 2026.\n\nSecondhand smoke and e-cigarette aerosol exposure in dogs and cats: A scoping \nreview wit\n\n","sources":[],"tokens_estimated":3763,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}