{"topic_id":"dzanis_1994_section_06","category":"us-2026","context":"---\ntopic_id: dzanis_1994_section_06\ncategory: AAFCO-HISTORICAL\ntitle: CITED\nlang: en\nsource: aafco_jnutrition_dzanis_1994.pdf\ndate_parsed: 2026-07-18\ntokens_estimated: 2000\nextra: {\"publication_year\": 1994, \"author\": \"David A. Dzanis\", \"journal\": \"J. Nutrition\", \"section_index\": 6}\n---\n\n# CITED\n\nCITED\n\nAssociation of American Feed Control Officials\nPublication. AAFCO, Inc., Atlanta, GA.\n\n(1992)\n\nOfficial\n\nDownloaded from jn.nutrition.org by guest on April 28, 2012\n\n(salt) are lowered compared with the 1974 NRC rec\nommendations, especially for adult maintenance dog\nfoods (Henrikson 1968, Jenkins and Phillips 1960,\nNRC 1985). In addition to setting levels for amounts\nof calcium and phosphorus individually, minimum\nand maximum ranges for the calcium-to-phosphorus\nratio have been set. The new profiles also establish\nminimum required amounts of essential amino acids,\nas well as protein. Amino acid requirements were also\nrecommended in the 1985 NRC edition but not the\n1974 edition. Changes in the amounts of some of the\namino acids compared with the 1985 NRC recom\nmendations were also incorporated (Biaza et al. 1982,\nCzarnecki and Baker 1982, Hirakawa and Baker 1985,\nHirakawa and Baker 1986).\nThe Feline Nutrition Expert (FNE) Subcommittee\nwas formed in 1991 to address the same issue in cat\nfoods and the NRC recommendations. The FNE Sub\ncommittee updated the cat food nutrient profiles in a\nmanner similar to that of dog foods (Table 2) (AAFCO\n1993). Taurine levels were established for both ex\ntruded and canned products, with higher levels in\ncanned foods to account for the lower availability of\ntaurine in these products (Douglass et al. 1991). Mod\nifications in the levels of protein, calcium, phosphorus,\npotassium, zinc and niacin were also made compared\nwith the 1978 NRC recommendations (Buffington et\nal. 1991, NRC 1986). A minimum level of vitamin K\nactivity in products containing high amounts of fish\nwas established (Strieker 1991). Maximum levels of\nsome nutrients (methionine, zinc and vitamins A and\nD) were also established (Fau et al. 1987, NRC 1980,\nNRC 1987).\nIn addition to establishing new nutrient profiles for\ncat foods, another charge of the FNE Subcommittee\nwas to revise the AAFCO feeding trial protocols for\nboth dog and cat foods. The number of animals were\nincreased from six to eight per test diet. Also, more\nspecific statistical methodology was incorporated. For\na diet to pass under the new protocols, mean values\nof parameters in the treatment group animals may not\nbe significantly different from mean values in the con\ntrol group animals, whereas values under the old pro\ntocols had to fall within a range of \"normal\" values.\nAnimals under the old protocols could show profound\ndrops in hemoglobin values, for example, and yet if\nvalues remained in the normal range the diet would\npass. This treatment effect is better detected by use of\nthe new methods.\nMany \"loopholes\" were also filled to better preserve\ndata integrity. For example, under the old protocols a\ncertain number of animals had to successfully pass the\ntest, but the protocols did not specify how many an\nimals could be put on test. Theoretically, an unlimited\nnumber of animals could be put on test to replace those\nremoved for \"nonnutritional reasons\" until enough\npassed. Now, \n","sources":[],"tokens_estimated":2000,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}