{"topic_id":"companion_breed_health_xoloitzcuintli_canine_ectodermal_dysplasia_dog","category":"companion-breed-health","context":"---\nlicense: permission_granted\ntopic_id: companion_breed_health_xoloitzcuintli_canine_ectodermal_dysplasia_dog\ncategory: companion-breed-health\ntitle: \"Xoloitzcuintli — Canine ectodermal dysplasia (hereditary; OMIA-verified breed predisposition)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"OMIA (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals, University of Sydney) breed-specific hereditary-disorder record, saved verbatim to source_file; C1 substring-verified. Pulled 2026-08-02 from local OMIA database dump.\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/breed-health/xoloitzcuintli_canine_ectodermal_dysplasia_2890.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-08-02\ntokens_estimated: 603\nverification:\n  method: substring_match\n  claims: 10\n  passed: 10\n  date: 2026-08-02\nrecovered: false\npath: companion-breed-health/companion_breed_health_xoloitzcuintli_canine_ectodermal_dysplasia_dog/01_companion_breed_health_xoloitzcuintli_canine_ectodermal_dysplasia_dog.md\nsource_document: \"OMIA — Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (University of Sydney)\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"OMIA — Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (University of Sydney)\"\n  title: \"Xoloitzcuintli — Canine ectodermal dysplasia (hereditary; OMIA-verified breed predisposition)\"\n  url: \"https://omia.org/OMIA000323/9615/\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-08-02\"\n  ref: \"OMIA breed-specific hereditary-disorder records (omia.org), derived from local OMIA database dump; dataset: https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70\"\n  doc_type: \"academic animal-genetics database (breed-specific disorder entries)\"\n  needs_review: false\n\n\n# Xoloitzcuintli — Canine ectodermal dysplasia (hereditary; OMIA-verified breed predisposition)\n\nSource: first-hand OMIA (University of Sydney) breed-specific hereditary-disorder record, saved verbatim to `source_file`; every claim below is a C1 byte-substring of it.\n\n## Claims\n\n- `Breed: Xoloitzcuintli (Dog)`\n- `Disorder: Canine ectodermal dysplasia`\n- `Mode of inheritance: Autosomal incomplete dominant`\n- `Summary: Canine ectodermal dysplasia is characterized by hairlessness and missing or abnormally shaped teeth. Early breeding studies demonstrated embryonal lethality of homozygous mutant animals and an autosomal semidominant mode of inheritance (Robinson, 1985). In detail, homozygous mutant embryos die very early during pregnancy and are resorbed, heterozygous dogs exhibit the ectodermal dysplasia phenotype, which is characteristic of several hairless dog breeds. Later studies showed the trait is caused by a 7 bp duplication in exon 1 of FOXI3. This is a desired trait in several breeds, including the Peruvian Inca, Mexican Hairless, and Chinese Crested Dog. Edited by Dr. Margret CasalbrbrSee also a href=../../../../../../OMIA001279/9615/OMIA:001279-9615/a : Hypotrichosis, recessive in Canis lupus familiaris (dog)`\n- `Clin feat: Affected dogs have varying degrees of hairlessness but most commonly, almost the entire body is affected. Depending on the breed, there will be tufts of hair on the distal limbs and the top of the head. Some dogs have very abnormal teeth, many of which are missing. Others appear to have only mild abnormalities. Toenails may be long and brittle. Neonatal deaths are more common in hairless pups than in their normal littermates. Wiener et al. (2013) provided extensive details of the clinical and histological differences between the three subphenotypes (true hairless, semi-coated and powderpuffs) of Chinese crested dogs and also clearly demonstrated distinct differences between the canine ectodermal dysplasia in Chinese crested dogs and dogs with X-linked ectodermal dysplasia.`\n- `Defect: yes`\n- `Pathology: Histological examination of hairless skin and foot pads shows an absence of hair follicles, adnexal structures, and eccrine glands.`\n- `Prevalence: The condition is prevalent in specific breeds. It is considered a desired trait.`\n- `Control: As this is a desired trait, no control is needed. However in some breeds, such as the Chinese crested, breeding hairless individuals to each other may result in smaller litter sizes as the presence of a double dose of the mutation in homozygote puppies leads to prenatal mortality.`\n- `Gen test: Mutation testing is available.`\n## Associated gene(s)\nDerived from OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); structured field, not verbatim prose. First-hand values below are verbatim substrings of the topic's pdf-raw/omia/<phene_id>.txt source file.\n- Gene: Entrez Gene ID 3481910 (no symbol in OMIA GeneSynonym) — OMIA Phene_Gene\n- OMIA molecular-genetics note: By sequencing the more likely of the two positional candidate genes (see Mapping section), Drögemüller et al. (2008) showed that this disorder is due to a 7-bp tandem duplication in exon 1 of FOXI3, a member of the family of forkhead box transcription factor genes. This gene was previously unknown to contribute to the development of ectodermal structures.\n\n## Evidence (references)\nDerived from OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); structured field, not verbatim prose. First-hand values below are verbatim substrings of the topic's pdf-raw/omia/<phene_id>.txt source file.\n- 1993. The Inheritance and Breeding Results of Hairless Descendants  of Mexican Hairless Dogs. Laboratory Animals — PubMed:PMID8437436 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 1985. Chinese crested dog. Journal of Heredity — PubMed:PMID3998444 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2005. Analysis of the canine EDAR gene and exclusion as a candidate for the hairless phenotype in the Chinese Crested dog. Anim Genet — PubMed:PMID15771734 | DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01242.x — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2008. A mutation in hairless dogs implicates FOXI3 in ectodermal development. Science — PubMed:PMID18787161 | DOI:10.1126/science.1162525 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2005. Genetic mapping of canine multiple system degeneration and ectodermal dysplasia loci. J Hered — PubMed:PMID15958791 | DOI:10.1093/jhered/esi086 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2013. Clinical and histological characterization of hair coat and glandular tissue of Chinese crested dogs. Vet Dermatol — PubMed:PMID23413772 | DOI:10.1111/vde.12008 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2013. Expression of Foxi3 is regulated by ectodysplasin in skin appendage placodes. Dev Dyn — PubMed:PMID23441037 | DOI:10.1002/dvdy.23952 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2017. The bald and the beautiful: hairlessness in domestic dog breeds. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci — PubMed:PMID27994129 | DOI:10.1098/rstb.2015.0488 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2017. The dental phenotype of hairless dogs with FOXI3 haploinsufficiency. Sci Rep — PubMed:PMID28710361 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-05764-5 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2022. Genetics of inherited skin disorders in dogs. Vet J — PubMed:PMID34861369 | DOI:10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105782 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2023. Canine noninflammatory alopecia: An approach to its classification and a diagnostic aid. Vet Pathol — PubMed:PMID37191329 | DOI:10.1177/03009858231170295 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n\n## Comparative medicine (human OMIM)\nDerived from OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); structured field, not verbatim prose. First-hand values below are verbatim substrings of the topic's pdf-raw/omia/<phene_id>.txt source file.\n- OMIM:305100 (type: trait) — OMIA Group_OMIM (via OMIA_ID)\n- OMIM:612351 (type: gene) — OMIA Group_OMIM (via OMIA_ID)\nverification_derived:\n  method: derived_from_dataset\n  source: \"OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); fields Gene/Variant/Article/OMIM\"\n  note: \"Structured fields (gene, variant rsID/protein change, PubMed/DOI references, OMIM cross-link) extracted from OMIA dump and presented with first-hand values; not verbatim prose.\"\n","sources":["companion-breed-health — Xoloitzcuintli — Canine ectodermal dysplasia (hereditary; OMIA-verified breed predisposition)"],"source":{"authority":"companion-breed-health","title":"Xoloitzcuintli — Canine ectodermal dysplasia (hereditary; OMIA-verified breed predisposition)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8437436/","retrieved":"","ref":"PMID 8437436","doc_type":"official source","source_document":"","verification_file":""},"source_document":"","source_file":"","trust":{"authority_tier":"ungraded","fidelity":"verbatim","license":null,"display_grade":"pending"},"tokens_estimated":1275,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}