{"topic_id":"companion_breed_health_flat_coated_retriever_omia3869_dog","category":"companion-breed-health","context":"---\nlicense: permission_granted\ntopic_id: companion_breed_health_flat_coated_retriever_omia3869_dog\ncategory: companion-breed-health\ntitle: \"Flat-Coated Retriever — Obesity (hereditary; OMIA-verified breed predisposition)\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"OMIA (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals, University of Sydney) breed-specific hereditary-disorder record, saved verbatim to source_file; C1 substring-verified. Pulled 2026-08-02 from local OMIA database dump.\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/breed-health/flat_coated_retriever_omia3869_3869.txt\ndate_parsed: 2026-08-02\ntokens_estimated: 541\nverification:\n  method: substring_match\n  claims: 6\n  passed: 6\n  date: 2026-08-02\nrecovered: false\npath: companion-breed-health/companion_breed_health_flat_coated_retriever_omia3869_dog/01_companion_breed_health_flat_coated_retriever_omia3869_dog.md\nsource_document: \"OMIA — Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (University of Sydney)\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"OMIA — Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (University of Sydney)\"\n  title: \"Flat-Coated Retriever — Obesity (hereditary; OMIA-verified breed predisposition)\"\n  url: \"https://omia.org/OMIA001258/9615/\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-08-02\"\n  ref: \"OMIA breed-specific hereditary-disorder records (omia.org), derived from local OMIA database dump; dataset: https://doi.org/10.25910/2AMR-PV70\"\n  doc_type: \"academic animal-genetics database (breed-specific disorder entries)\"\n  needs_review: false\n\n\n# Flat-Coated Retriever — Obesity (hereditary; OMIA-verified breed predisposition)\n\nSource: first-hand OMIA (University of Sydney) breed-specific hereditary-disorder record, saved verbatim to `source_file`; every claim below is a C1 byte-substring of it.\n\n## Claims\n\n- `Breed: Flat-Coated Retriever (Dog)`\n- `Disorder: `\n- `Mode of inheritance: Multifactorial`\n- `Clin feat: Obesity is a common condition that affects a large percentage of our companion animals (Raffan et al., 2016). Though a high calory diet and a lack of exercise may be at the base, a genetic component to obesity has been investigated (Raffan et al., 2016; Mankowska et al., 2017). A 14bp deletion in the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene was found in some Labrador retrievers and Flat-coated retrievers (Raffan et al., 2016). This mutation is predicted to disrupts the action of two peptides (β-MSH and β-endorphin), which are potent appetite and energy metabolism regulators. Due to a disrupted control of appetite, dogs with this mutation are more prone to overfeeding and hence gaining weight and adiposity (Raffan et al., 2016). An increased incidence of this mutation has been reported in assistance dogs, suggesting that selection of food-driven dogs for better trainability purposes inadvertently lead to the selection for this mutation . This mutation has not yet been identified in other breeds and doesn’t seem to have any correlation with diabetes mellitus to date (Davison et al., 2017). IT thanks DVM student Martina Zanin, who provided the basis of this contribution in May 2023.`\n- `Defect: yes`\n- `Prevalence: Intriguingly, Raffan et al. (2016) reported that the frequency of the POMC deletion was 45% in a group of 81 Labrador retrievers used as assistance dog breeding stock compared with a frequency of around 12% in random samples of Labrador Retrievers. As the authors explain, Temperament and ‘‘trainability’’ are the main drivers for selection of assistance dogs, and ‘‘positive reinforcement’’ with food reward is a mainstay of puppy training. We therefore hypothesize that dogs carrying the POMC deletion may be more likely to be selected as assistance dogs. The fact that the allelic frequency at this locus is significantly out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in assistance dog breeding stock could be seen as support for the notion that selection has occurred at this locus.`\n## Associated gene(s)\nDerived from OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); structured field, not verbatim prose. First-hand values below are verbatim substrings of the topic's pdf-raw/omia/<phene_id>.txt source file.\n- Gene: ACTH (Entrez Gene ID 388199157) — OMIA Phene_Gene / GeneSynonym\n- Gene: ADCY8 (Entrez Gene ID 388249697) — OMIA Phene_Gene / GeneSynonym\n- Gene: Entrez Gene ID 398299015 (no symbol in OMIA GeneSynonym) — OMIA Phene_Gene\n\n## Evidence (references)\nDerived from OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); structured field, not verbatim prose. First-hand values below are verbatim substrings of the topic's pdf-raw/omia/<phene_id>.txt source file.\n- 2016. A deletion in the canine POMC gene is associated with weight and appetite in obesity-prone Labrador Retriever dogs. Cell Metab — PubMed:PMID27157046 | DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.04.012 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2017. Confirmation that a deletion in the POMC gene is associated with body weight of Labrador Retriever dogs. Res Vet Sci — PubMed:PMID28235700 | DOI:10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.02.014 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2017. The canine POMC gene, obesity in Labrador Retrievers and susceptibility to diabetes mellitus. J Vet Intern Med — PubMed:PMID28176381 | DOI:10.1111/jvim.14636 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2017. Polymorphism and methylation of the MC4R gene in obese and non-obese dogs. Mol Biol Rep — PubMed:PMID28755272 | DOI:10.1007/s11033-017-4114-3 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2020. The genetic basis of obesity and related metabolic diseases in humans and companion animals. Genes — PubMed:PMID33233816 | DOI:10.3390/genes11111378 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2021. Adipositas beim Hund – ein Überblick zu den Ursachen [Obesity in dogs - A review of underlying reasons]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere — PubMed:PMID34425607 | DOI:10.1055/a-1548-2293 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2022. No evidence that long runs of homozygosity tend to harbor risk variants for polygenic obesity in Labrador retriever dogs. J Appl Genet — PubMed:PMID35471496 | DOI:10.1007/s13353-022-00693-0 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2023. A study of 41 canine orthologues of human genes involved in monogenic obesity reveals marker in the ADCY3 for body weight in Labrador Retrievers. Vet Sci — PubMed:PMID37368776 | DOI:10.3390/vetsci10060390 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2024. Obesity risk factors in British Labrador retrievers: Effect of sex, neuter status, age, chocolate coat colour and food motivation. Vet Rec — PubMed:PMID37747436 | DOI:10.1002/vetr.3410 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2023. Uncovering structural variants associated with body weight and obesity risk in labrador retrievers: a genome-wide study. Front Genet — PubMed:PMID37799139 | DOI:10.3389/fgene.2023.1235821 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2024. Low resting metabolic rate and increased hunger due to β-MSH and β-endorphin deletion in a canine model. Sci Adv — PubMed:PMID38446876 | DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adj3823 — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- 2024. Genome wide association study in Swedish Labrador retrievers identifies genetic loci associated with hip dysplasia and body weight. Sci Rep — PubMed:PMID38480780 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-56060-y — OMIA Phene_Article / Article\n- (3 additional references in OMIA)\n\n## Comparative medicine (human OMIM)\nDerived from OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); structured field, not verbatim prose. First-hand values below are verbatim substrings of the topic's pdf-raw/omia/<phene_id>.txt source file.\n- OMIM:164160 (type: gene) — OMIA Group_OMIM (via OMIA_ID)\n- OMIM:614962 (type: trait) — OMIA Group_OMIM (via OMIA_ID)\nverification_derived:\n  method: derived_from_dataset\n  source: \"OMIA database dump (omia.xml, local); fields Gene/Variant/Article/OMIM\"\n  note: \"Structured fields (gene, variant rsID/protein change, PubMed/DOI references, OMIM cross-link) extracted from OMIA dump and presented with first-hand values; not verbatim prose.\"\n","sources":["companion-breed-health — Flat-Coated Retriever — Obesity (hereditary; OMIA-verified breed predisposition)"],"source":{"authority":"companion-breed-health","title":"Flat-Coated Retriever — Obesity (hereditary; OMIA-verified breed predisposition)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27157046/","retrieved":"","ref":"PMID 27157046","doc_type":"official source","source_document":"","verification_file":""},"source_document":"","source_file":"","trust":{"authority_tier":"ungraded","fidelity":"verbatim","license":null,"display_grade":"pending"},"tokens_estimated":1349,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}