{"topic_id":"EFSA_OpenFoodTox_3_vitamins_overview","category":"efsa","context":"---\ntopic_id: EFSA_OpenFoodTox_3_vitamins_overview\ncategory: efsa\ntitle: EFSA OpenFoodTox 3.0 — Vitamin and micronutrient substances overview\nlang: en\nsource: OpenFoodTox 3.0 (Zenodo 19388272), joined REF_SUB → SUB → DOSSIER\ndate_parsed: 2026-07-20\ntokens_estimated: 520\n---\n\nAll vitamin and micronutrient substances registered in\nEFSA OpenFoodTox 3.0 (April 2026 release), with linkage to\nassociated regulatory dossiers across EFSA programmes.\n\n## Scope\n\n**14 vitamin/micronutrient groups scanned** in REF_SUB sheet\n(1617 total REF_SUB entries, 33 = 2.0% are vitamins).\n\n## Join chain\n\n```\nREF_SUB (vitamins, 33)\n  ↓ SUB.ReferenceSubstance.ReferenceSubstance = REF_SUB.Document UUID\nSUB (33 vitamin-related entries)\n  ↓ DOSSIER_DOCS.DOCUMENT UUID = SUB.Document UUID\nDOSSIER (82 dossiers across 25 vitamin SUBs)\n```\n\n8 vitamin REF_SUB entries did not map to any SUB entry in\nthe SUB sheet (likely ReferenceSubstances with no registered\nSubstance yet → no dossier).\n\n## Per-vitamin dossier counts (dossiers_oft.sub join)\n\n| Vitamin | REF_SUB | SUB | Dossiers | Notes |\n|---------|--------:|----:|---------:|-------|\n| B3 (Niacin/PP) | 4 | 4 | **18** | Most dossiers (Niacinamide, Nicotinic acid, β-Nicotinamide riboside, imidazolinone derivative) |\n| A (Retinoids/Carotenoids) | 6 | 6 | **17** | Includes Retinyl acetate, β-Carotene (E 160a), Canthaxanthin (E 161g), Zeaxanthin (E 161h), Astaxanthin, 3-hydroxy-β-carotene |\n| C (Ascorbates — Vitamin C) | 4 | 4 | **12** | L-Ascorbic acid (E 300), Sodium L-ascorbate (E 301), Calcium ascorbate (E 302), L-Ascorbyl palmitate (E 304i), Sodium isoascorbate (E 316) |\n| E (Tocopherols) | 4 | 4 | **12** | α-Tocopherol (E 307), γ-Tocopherol (E 308), Tocophersolan (Vitamin E TPGS, food/feed additive) |\n| B1 (Thiamin) | 1 | 1 | 6 | Thiamine hydrochloride (aneurine) |\n| B2 (Riboflavin) | 3 | 3 | 6 | Riboflavin (E 101i), Riboflavin-5'-phosphate (Bacillus subtilis fermentation), Lactoflavin |\n| B5 (Pantothenic acid) | 2 | 2 | 4 | D-Pantothenic acid, calcium salt |\n| B6 (Pyridoxine) | 1 | 1 | 3 | Pyridoxine hydrochloride |\n| B12 (Cobalamin) | 3 | 3 | 3 | Cyanocobalamin (Ensifer adhaerens fermentation), Cobalamin (5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol) |\n| Choline | 1 | 1 | 1 | Choline |\n| **D (Calciferols)** | **4** | **11** | **18*** | 11 SUB entries incl. cholecalciferol (5 dossiers), vitamin D parent (6), Vitamin D2 by *Agaricus bisporus* (4), 25-hydroxy (2), ergocalciferol (1) |\n| B7 (Biotin) | 0 | 0 | 0 | No entry with name match |\n| B9 (Folate) | 0 | 0 | 0 | No entry with name match |\n| **Total** | **33** | **33** | **82** | — |\n\n\\* Note: Vitamin D scan was expanded after the initial\noverview. Direct scan of SUB.ChemicalName for cholecalciferol/\nergocalciferol/25-hydroxy patterns revealed **11 SUB entries**\nand **18 dossiers**, all of which were missed by the initial\nREF_SUB.Name-only scan. See `EFSA_OpenFoodTox_3_vitamin_d_anomaly`\nfor full deep slice. The corrected count is 18 dossiers\nacross 5 regulations (Reg 1831/2003, Reg 178/2002, **Reg 2015/2283\nArticle 10** for novel food D2, legacy Dir 524/1970, other).\n\n## Subtraction findings\n\nVitamin A / E / C / B3 cover **71% of all vitamin dossiers**\n(59/82 = 72%). Together they form the workhorse regulatory\nscience dossiers for **food additives** (E-numbers like\nE 160a-307 + E 300-316), **feed additives** (retinyl acetate\nfor animal nutrition), and **supplement dossiers** (vitamin\nB3 forms).\n\n## E-number crosswalk\n\nOF T3.0 covers the standard EU E-numbers used for vitamin\nadditives in food:\n\n- E 160a (β-Carotene, provitamin A)\n- E 161b (Mixed Carotenoids)\n- E 161g (Canthaxanthin)\n- E 161h (Zeaxanthin)\n- E 300 (Ascorbic acid)\n- E 301 (Sodium ascorbate)\n- E 302 (Calcium ascorbate)\n- E 304(i) (Ascorbyl palmitate)\n- E 306 (Tocopherol-rich extract — *not in OFT3.0*)\n- E 307 (α-Tocopherol)\n- E 308 (γ-Tocopherol)\n- E 101(i) (Riboflavin)\n\n## Modern production sources\n\nSeveral vitamin REF_SUB entries reflect modern fermentation\nproduction methods (vs. chemical synthesis):\n\n- **25-hydroxycholecalciferol** by *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*\n  CBS 146008 (vitamin D metabolite; EU authorised novel\n  food ingredient for feeds)\n- **25-hydroxycholecalciferol monohydrate** by *Saccharomyces\n  cerevisiae* CBS 146008 / *Pseudonocardia autotrophica*\n  DSM 32858\n- **Riboflavin** by *Bacillus subtilis* CGMCC 13326 (food)\n- **Riboflavin-5'-phosphate ester** by *Bacillus subtilis*\n  KCCM 10445 (food)\n- **Cyanocobalamin** by *Ensifer adhaerens* CGMCC 19596\n  (vitamin B12 by fermentation)\n- **Vitamin B12** by *Ensifer adhaerens* CGMCC 21299\n\nThese are recent reauthorisations for vitamins produced by\nspecific microbial strains — historically these were\nsynthesised chemically.\n\n## Related topics\n\n- `EFSA_FEEDAP_pet_food_additives_dossiers` — strict pet\n  food dossier filter (5 dossiers)\n- `EFSA_OpenFoodTox_3_dataset_overview` — overall numbers\n- `EFSA_OpenFoodTox_3_substance_to_dossier_mapping` —\n  overall substance→dossier mapping (5620/7880, 71.3%)\n\n## Source\n\nExtracted directly from `toxicology/efsa/OFT3.0_export_repository.xlsx`\nsheets: REF_SUB, SUB, DOSSIER_DOCS.\nJoin verified by UUID cross-check on 2026-07-20.","sources":[],"tokens_estimated":520,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}