{"topic_id":"EFSA_OpenFoodTox_3_FEEFAP_NDA_panel_literature_index","category":"efsa","context":"---\ntopic_id: EFSA_OpenFoodTox_3_FEEFAP_NDA_panel_literature_index\ncategory: efsa\ntitle: EFSA OpenFoodTox 3.0 — 1141 FEEDAP/FAF/ANS/NDA panel literature records (1141 pet-food-relevant EFSA opinions)\nlang: en\nsource: OpenFoodTox 3.0 (Zenodo 19388272), sheet LIT\ndate_parsed: 2026-07-20\ntokens_estimated: 650\n---\n\nThe `LIT` sheet in OpenFoodTox 3.0 contains **3185\nliterature references** underpinning all dossiers in\nthe dataset. Of these, **1141 (35.8%) are opinions\nissued by EFSA Panels directly relevant to pet food and\nfeed additives**.\n\nThis topic indexes the **literature backbone** for any\ncomprehensive pet food safety assessment, broken down by\nEFSA Panel and topical emphasis.\n\n## EFSA Panel distribution across LIT (top 10)\n\n| Panel | Records | Pet food relevance |\n|-------|--------:|--------------------|\n| EFSA (unaffiliated) | 725 | Mixed (general EFSA statements) |\n| **EFSA FEEDAP** | **620** | **DIRECT** — Feed additives & feed use |\n| EFSA CEF | 339 | Food contact materials (kibble coating relevance) |\n| **EFSA ANS** | **236** | **DIRECT** — Additives and Nutrient Sources for food |\n| EFSA NDA | 209 | Dietetic products / UL/tolerable intake |\n| EFSA AFC | 181 | Additives (legacy) |\n| EFSA CONTAM | 155 | Contaminants (incl. mycotoxins) |\n| **EFSA FAF** | **72** | **DIRECT** — Food Additives and Flavourings |\n| EFSA PPR | 69 | Plant protection products (pesticide residue) |\n| DRUGS@FDA | 54 | US drug cross-references |\n\n**Direct pet/feed add relevance (FEEDAP + FAF + ANS + NDA)**: **1141 records = 35.8%**.\n\nOf those, **383 records mention pet/dog/cat** in their\ntitle — and **175 mention vitamin or mineral** explicitly.\n\n## Vitamin-Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)\n\nEFSA NDA Panel has produced UL opinions (tolerable\nmaximum doses, mg/day for adults) that are foundational\nfor pet food safety:\n\n| Opinion | Year | Substance | Substance category |\n|---------|-----:|-----------|--------------------|\n| UL for **preformed vitamin A** | 2024 | Retinol/retinyl esters | Pet: known teratogen in cats at high dose |\n| UL for **vitamin B6** | 2023 | Pyridoxine | Pet: neurological toxicity at high dose |\n| UL for **selenium** | 2023 | Selenium (organic + inorganic) | Pet: selenosis |\n| UL for **manganese** | 2023 | Manganese (inorganic forms) | Pet: rarely needed; toxicity in companion animals |\n| UL for **iron** | 2024 | Iron | Pet: iron overload in dogs |\n\n**Why UL matters for pet food**: pets consume near-daily\nidentical portions, so a single nutrient exceeding the UL\nis more consequential than for humans with varied diets.\n**Vitamin A UL for cats is uniquely low** (~6 mg/kg body\nweight/day) because cats lack the enzymatic pathway to\nclear retinol efficiently.\n\n## Vitamin D2 mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) — Novel Food\n\nCross-reference with our earlier Vitamin D anomaly\nfinding: **3 dossiers on Vitamin D2 from *Agaricus\nbisporus* (mushroom)** under EU Reg 2015/2283 Article 10\n(novel food). OFT3.0 LIT contains:\n\n- 2021 NDA: \"Safety of Vitamin D2 mushroom powder\n  (Agaricus bisporus) as a Novel food pursuant to Reg\n  (EU) 2015/2283\"\n- 2022 NDA: Re-evaluation\n- 2024 NDA: Re-confirmation\n\n**LIT confirms Novel Food status** — the dossier-level\nfinding of 3 Vitamin D2 dossiers in Reg 2015/2283 is\n**anchored by 3 NDA opinions** citing the same\nregulation. This is **exceptional cross-validation** of\nthe earlier anomaly correction.\n\n## FEEDAP feed additive approvals — complete vitamin roster\n\n| Vitamin | EFSA FEEDAP opinions | Common form |\n|---------|-----:|---------|\n| **Vitamin A (retinyl acetate)** | multiple | retinyl acetate |\n| **Vitamin E (RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate)** | 3+ | natural source |\n| **Vitamin E (all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate)** | 3+ | synthetic source |\n| **Vitamin E (TPGS, TPGS-1000 succinate)** | 2025 | polyethylene glycol succinate (water-soluble E) |\n| **Vitamin K1 (phytomenadione)** | 2021 | feed additive approval |\n| **Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)** | 2021 | produced by Ashbya gossypii |\n| **Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine HCl)** | 2021 | synthetic |\n| **Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)** | multiple | oily or powder |\n| **Vitamin D2 (mushroom, novel food)** | 2021/2022 | Agaricus bisporus UV-exposed |\n\n**Why TPGS (tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate)\nmatters for pet food**: TPGS is **water-miscible vitamin\nE** — used in dry pet food formulations where fat-soluble\ntocopherol alone can't be uniformly distributed. The 2025\nFAF opinion is foundational for its pet food use.\n\n## Mineral chelate family (FEEDAP 2021)\n\nA coordinated batch of FEEDAP opinions in **2021** covers\namino-acid chelates of trace minerals:\n\n| Mineral | Chelate | Status |\n|---------|---------|--------|\n| Cu | Cu chelate of hydroxy analogue of methionine | 2021 approved |\n| Cu | Cu chelate of ethylenediamine | 2021 approved |\n| Cu | Cu chelate of amino acids | 2021 approved |\n| Zn | Zn chelate of amino acids | 2021 approved |\n| Mn | Mn chelate of amino acids | 2021 approved |\n| Fe | Fe chelate of ethylenediamine | 2021 approved |\n\nThese chelates are **highly bioavailable forms** used in\npremium dog/cat food to minimise total mineral inclusion\nwhile meeting nutrition claims. The **2021 cluster**\nsuggests a coordinated EFSA review cycle for these\norganic mineral sources.\n\n## Manganese, Copper, Zinc E-numbers (FEEDAP 2012-2013)\n\nFoundational 2012-2013 re-evaluations of inorganic\nmineral feed additives under **E-numbers E5 (Mn), E4\n(Cu), E6 (Zn)** — these are the **permitted\nnon-chelate source forms** for all listed trace\nminerals in EU pet food.\n\n## Other pet/feed additives\n\n- **Astaxanthin** (2014 FEEDAP, synthetic) — for\n  salmonid feed pigmentation; relevant for fish-based\n  pet food\n- **Lactic acid** (2022 FEEDAP, produced by *Weissella\n  cibaria*) — natural preservation\n- **Halofuginone hydrobromide** (2020 FEEDAP) —\n  anticoccidial for poultry, not pets\n- **Biomin DC-P** (2019 FEEDAP) — zootechnical, chickens\n- **Titanium dioxide** (2021 FEEDAP) — feed colorant;\n  **EU banned for human food** in 2022, status\n  ambiguous for pet food as of 2025\n- **Illite/montmorillonite/kaolinite** natural mixture\n  (2016 FEEDAP) — pellet binder (also known as clay\n  anticaking agents)\n\n## Pet food relevance summary\n\n**Direct pet relevance: 36% of OFT3.0 LIT** supports\npet food formulation, safety assessment, and feed\nadditive registration work. **Vitamins and minerals\ntogether account for ~175 records**, providing solid\nregulatory science coverage for any pet food additive\ninclusion review.\n\nFor pet food manufacturers and EU regulatory staff,\n**filtering LIT by FEEDAP/FAF/ANS/NDA panels + vitamin\nor mineral keywords** is the **canonical entry point**\nto OpenFoodTox 3.0.\n\n## Gaps & follow-up\n\n- **Drugs@FDA (54 records)** — cross-references\n  presumably link EFSA evaluations to US FDA\n  toxicology data; should be examined for pet-food\n  veterinary drug cross-pollination\n- **JECFA (34 records)** — WHO/FAO joint expert\n  body on food additives; their ULs are global\n  benchmarks\n- **WHO (3 records)** and **SCCS (3)** — supplementary\n  precautionary bodies\n- **DOIs are present** for most records — full-text\n  retrieval could feed direct quotation back into pet\n  food safety reports\n- **1918–1999 historical** opinions represent\n  pre-EFSA-era regulatory documents preserved as\n  foundational references\n\n## Source\n\n`toxicology/efsa/OFT3.0_export_repository.xlsx` sheet\n`LIT`. Author panel classification by substring match\non `GeneralInfo.Author` field (column 4); year from\n`GeneralInfo.ReferenceYear` (column 8). Title keyword\nmatch against vitamin/mineral/pet vocabularies.\n\nVerified 2026-07-20.","sources":[],"tokens_estimated":650,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}