{"topic_id":"EFSA_FEEDAP_choline_chloride_safety","category":"efsa","context":"---\ntopic_id: EFSA_FEEDAP_choline_chloride_safety\ncategory: efsa\ntitle: \"EFSA FEEDAP — choline chloride renewal: safe for target species/consumer/environment; potential skin & respiratory sensitiser, 70% aq. non-irritant to eyes (EFSA Journal 2025;23(2))\"\nlang: en\nsource: \"EFSA FEEDAP scientific opinion, EFSA Journal 2025;23(2) (DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9264)\"\nsource_file: pdf-raw/efsa_l/choline_feed.xml\nsource_type: journal_article\ndate_parsed: 2026-08-06\ntokens_estimated: 450\nverified: true\nverification:\n  method: paraphrase\n  claims: 5\n  passed: 5\n  date: 2026-08-06\nsource_document: \"EFSA FEEDAP — choline chloride renewal: safe for target species/consumer/environment; potential skin & respiratory sensitiser, 70% aq. non-irritant to eyes (EFSA Journal 2025;23(2))\"\ncitation:\n  authority: \"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP)\"\n  title: \"EFSA FEEDAP — choline chloride renewal: safe for target species/consumer/environment; potential skin & respiratory sensitiser, 70% aq. non-irritant to eyes (EFSA Journal 2025;23(2))\"\n  url: \"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9264\"\n  retrieved: \"2026-08-06\"\n  ref: \"EFSA Journal 2025;23(2)\"\n  doc_type: \"EFSA scientific opinion (Europe PMC OA full-text XML)\"\n  needs_review: false\nauthority_tier: T1\nauthority_tier_basis: \"T1:eu-body\"\nauthority_tier_date: 2026-08-06\n---\n# EFSA FEEDAP — choline chloride — renewal of authorisation\n\nSource: EFSA FEEDAP scientific opinion, EFSA Journal 2025;23(2) (DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9264), retrieved 2026-08-06 via Europe PMC OA full-text XML. Paraphrase of an EFSA opinion that the source XML tags CC-BY-ND; per project COPYRIGHT_POLICY only facts/numbers/proper-nouns are quoted verbatim, sentences rewritten.\n\n## Editorial context (read this before using the data point)\n\nThis is the **EFSA FEEDAP** jurisdiction on the nutrient/additive **choline chloride** — one of four nutrient-safety opinions in this batch (Task L). Read with the `efsa` nutrient endpoints and AAFCO/FEDIAF provisions for the same nutrient.\n\n## Key findings (paraphrase; numbers and proper nouns verbatim from source)\n\n- This is a **renewal-of-authorisation** assessment of **choline chloride**.\n- Its use in animal nutrition **remains safe for target species, consumers and the environment** under approved conditions of use.\n- **User safety**: choline chloride **should be considered a potential skin and respiratory sensitiser**; any skin or respiratory exposure is a risk.\n- **Aqueous solutions of up to 70% choline chloride are non-irritant to eyes**, but no conclusion can be reached on eye irritation for more concentrated forms.\n\n## Pet-food relevance\n\nCholine is an essential nutrient in cats and dogs (liver function, brain development, lipid transport). The confirmed 'remains safe' conclusion is the usable takeaway; the skin/respiratory-sensitiser warning is the practical handling caveat.\n\n## Scope note / honest gap\n\nParaphrase of an EFSA opinion; source XML licence tag was CC-BY-ND, so this topic quotes only data points verbatim and rewrites prose. Renewal opinion (efficacy not re-assessed); full characterisation statistics are not reproduced.\n","sources":["OFT3 — EFSA FEEDAP — choline chloride renewal: safe for target species/consumer/environment; potential skin & respiratory sensitiser, 70% aq. non-irritant to eyes (EFSA Journal 2025;23(2)) (retrieved 2026-08-06)"],"source":{"authority":"OFT3","title":"EFSA FEEDAP — choline chloride renewal: safe for target species/consumer/environment; potential skin & respiratory sensitiser, 70% aq. non-irritant to eyes (EFSA Journal 2025;23(2))","url":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9264","retrieved":"2026-08-06","ref":"","doc_type":"official PDF","source_document":"EFSA FEEDAP — choline chloride renewal: safe for target species/consumer/environment; potential skin & respiratory sensitiser, 70% aq. non-irritant to eyes (EFSA Journal 2025;23(2))","verification_file":"pdf-raw/efsa_l/choline_feed.xml"},"source_document":"EFSA FEEDAP — choline chloride renewal: safe for target species/consumer/environment; potential skin & respiratory sensitiser, 70% aq. non-irritant to eyes (EFSA Journal 2025;23(2))","source_file":"pdf-raw/efsa_l/choline_feed.xml","trust":{"authority_tier":"T1","fidelity":"paraphrase","license":null,"display_grade":"C"},"tokens_estimated":440,"generated_at":null,"tip":"Use /api/v1/topics to discover more topics. /api/v1/nutrient for precise single-point queries. /api/v1/cross_compare for 2-3 standard comparisons."}